Identifying clinical manifestation of problems/strengths occurring in a family as a result of and older members influence on: family structure, roles, values, and communication patterns
Children need to acquire self-control within the family domain and also understanding as well as complying with the rules of the family. These rules are manifested differently in each family but all of them lead to common family themes such as parents having household rules that require a child to stay away from the garage not unless an adult is supervising him. This communication is made very clear so that the child can be able to avoid any danger even when no older member of the family is supervising him or her.
Through providing the rules and emphasizing that the stated rules must be obeyed, the child is helped by the family to master behavior and there is a structure in the family that helps to test and follow the rules.
Older members of the family must provide expectations and rules for young children and be consistent and rational in enforcing the rules by ensuring there is consistency and fairness in promoting positive self-esteem and self-control. Rules help in making sound decisions and help the child to know that he or she may suffer due to consequences of poorly reasoned decisions and impulsive behavior and the parent can know the decisions that the child can make to avoid being involved in risk.
The structure of the home is replaced by the school where teachers substitute the parents by establishment and enforcement of environmental rules. The expectations of children are imposed by teachers who demand that the children should use their time to complete academic tasks which are given more value and reduce the amount of playtime and free time.
Conflict in the role of child welfare professionals in providing child protective service should be understood where mandated authority must be exercised in intervening in cases of neglectful or abusive family situations to ensure there are services for rehabilitating the family and maintaining children in their homes and reunifying children with their families. Intrusive authority interferes with the development of a trusting relationship and commitment of the family to change to ensure social services are provided effectively without obscuring professional responsibilities of child welfare. (Detroit, 1990 pp26-28)
Explanation of how older adults’ concept of health and health beliefs influence their health
The health promotion concept is a legitimate part of taking care of the health of the aging generation. As a person becomes old, there is a potent strain of the health care system because of the increase in the use of services of health care during the last years of their life. There are health factors in older adults which are correctable and can be assessed by use of screening protocols. Cholesterol, Diabetes, Hypertension, vision, cancer, and hearing are integrated into health promotion programs. There is reluctance in developing programs for promoting health for older adults because of the perception that, they would not be able to follow such plans and change their lifestyle.
According to the longitudinal studies, activities for promoting health extend the number of years that old people remain healthy although it may be weak in older age. Changes in exercise and diet are effective for preventing conditions that are related to nutrition when they are well instituted earlier but positive effects are seen at any age. Early institutions of nutritional interventions say that there may be a reduction in expenditures of health care due to a decrease in the incidence or delaying the onset of the conditions. Change in behavior by reducing fat and salt intake is associated with belief that better health comes as a result of consuming a healthful diet. Adults’ education models and theories help to enhance changes in behavior and lead to healthful habits to help health educators in effecting the change successfully. (Boyle, 2002 pp15-19)
Explanation of how a family member may best adjust to the recent diagnosis of type II diabetes
The development of type II diabetes begins with insulin resistance that requires the production of insulin by the pancreas to be increased to control the level of blood glucose. In the beginning, the pancreas can respond through the production of more insulin but several years later, the production of insulin decreases leading to the development of diabetes. Type II diabetes occurs most of the time in adults due to being overweight and over forty years of age. As more adolescents and children are becoming overweight, inactive, and obese, they are at risk of getting diabetes type II.
When diabetes type 2 is timely diagnosed and treated, the onset of complications of diabetes can be prevented or delayed. The best management practice is eating a healthy diet with controlled portions and increase physical activity. For children, medications for lowering glucose should be taken through the involvement of providers of health care. Diabetes medications are taken orally or through injection using a subcutaneous pump.
Medications for lowering glucose differ in their actions but all of them enhance secretion of endogenous insulin and inhibit the production of excessive hepatic glucose and enhance the sensitivity of insulin in adipose tissue and delay gastric emptying. (Detroit, 1990 pp23-25)
References
Detroit M. (1990): A guide to the beliefs, concepts, and terms: Glossy Pictorial Cover, pp. 23-28.
Boyle S. (2002): Cross-cultural health care for older adults: Oxford University Press, pp. 15-19.