Introduction
Nowadays, technological advancements allow medical professionals to detect conditions and their stages. By using various tools, it is possible to identify the location and severity of the condition. At the same time, no single tool can be applied to all circumstances. While the two disorders that can be seen with an intravenous urogram (IVU) are renal calculi and hydronephrosis, one condition, such as renal cell carcinoma, can be detected with a computed tomography (CT) scan.
Renal Calculi
Renal calculi, also known as kidney stones, usually originate in the kidneys but can occur elsewhere throughout the urinary tract (Leslie et al., 2023). Renal calculi commonly cause hematuria and abdominal or groin discomfort (Leslie et al., 2023). They afflict one in every 11 individuals at some point in their lives, with males outnumbering women two to one Leslie et al., 2023). The formation of stones is linked to reduced urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming elements such as calcium (Leslie et al., 2023).
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a technique used to measure flank and lower back pain, as well as hematuria. Kidney stones appear radiopaque on IVP images (Mehta & Annamaraju, 2023). Smaller stones have a 90% chance of passing on their own with expulsion therapy (Leslie et al., 2023). Acute treatment includes intravenous hydration, analgesics, and antiemetics (Leslie et al., 2023). Therefore, by examining the condition using the IVP, it is possible to determine which treatment would have the most effective outcomes.
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is described as dilatation and distension of either of the kidneys’ renal collecting systems caused by a restriction of urine outflow distal to the renal pelvis. Hydronephrosis develops in the kidneys and is usually caused by a urinary system obstruction that prevents normal urine flow (Thotakura & Anjum, 2023). Hydronephrosis is becoming more frequent in neonates and infants, most of which are caused by ureteropelvic junction blockage (Thotakura & Anjum, 2023).
In addition to ultrasonography or CT scans, intravenous urography (IVU) can be used to visualize hydronephrosis (Thotakura & Anjum, 2023). In IVU, hydronephrosis manifests as dilatation or expansion of the kidney pelvis and calyces (Thotakura & Anjum, 2023). The therapeutic approach for newborns with prenatal hydronephrosis is determined by recurrence of postnatal hydronephrosis, bilateral involvement, and the degree of hydronephrosis.
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma is usually known as kidney cancer. The condition begins in the kidneys and may affect either kidney (Pandey & Syed, 2023). Renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent kind of kidney cancer, accounting for more than nine out of ten cases in adults (Pandey & Syed, 2023). It is an older-age cohort tumor, most commonly observed between 50 and 70 years of age, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1 (Pandey & Syed, 2023).
The most common CT scanning procedure for evaluating a renal mass is first to obtain unenhanced images, followed by images after intravenous iodinated contrast administration (Pandey & Syed, 2023). A CT scan shows renal cell carcinoma as a solid mass or malignancy within the kidney (Pandey & Syed, 2023). The treatment alternatives for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma vary with stage, ranging from surgical removal to partial or total nephrectomy.
Conclusion
In summary, an intravenous urogram can identify two disorders: renal calculi and hydronephrosis, whereas a CT scan can detect one disease, renal cell carcinoma. Renal calculi, also known as kidney stones, are common. They often begin in the kidneys but can also arise along the urinary tract. Hydronephrosis is defined as the dilation and distension of the renal collecting system of either kidney. Renal cell carcinoma, also known as kidney cancer, is a common type of cancer. The illness develops in the connective tissue of the kidneys and may affect either one.
References
Leslie, S. W., Sajjad, H., & Murphy, P. B. (2023). Renal calculi. National Library of Medicine.
Mehta, S. M., & Annamaraju, P. (2023). Intravenous pyelogram. National Library of Medicine.
Pandey, J., & Syed, W. (2023). Renal cancer. National Library of Medicine.
Thotakura, R., & Anjum, F. (2023). Hydronephrosis and hydroureter. National Library of Medicine.