Introduction
Criminality in individuals of all cultural and economic backgrounds is traceable to a pint of trigger or beginning. Gender causes of criminal acts are often intense at early adulthood when individuals compete for marriage mates and realize their sexuality. In addition, certain challenges of upbringing, social class, neighborhood culture with regard to crime as well as peer groupings in many cases influence nature and intensity of crime.
Crime happens within social and economic situations in the life of individuals, criminal orientation has a socialization aspect in the sense individual attempts of crime appear in a gradual sequence, minor crime attempts precede major crime attempts. In the process of maturation in crime individuals could be intercepted and corrected (Francis et al, 2006). Counseling and other soft interventions could be employed to address less serious involvements as more restrictive approaches used to punish severe crime.
Criminal attempts among young males and adolescent youth are mainly motivated by material gain, particularly as a result of challenges of inferiority within neighborhoods. Since young male adults are challenged on many frontiers they have a tendency and willpower to overcome their circumstances, prove heroic and end up deviants (Messerschmidt, 1986).
Role modeling after criminal characters in the society and media promote crime. Adequate regulation of media is important particularly during times of heightened crime incidences as during holidays, in less secure residential zones and crime hot-spots. Moreover, social institutions as schools often are breeding grounds for negative influence through the curriculum content and extracurricular activities.
Challenges, intervention and the detrimental effects of criminality
The family unit is often an important controlling and regulating institution for the socialization and character formation of its members in many aspects. At the onset of criminal orientation, mentorship as well as guidance and counseling are adequate enough to achieve adequate corrective measures (William et al, 2003).
The influences in the media of representing certain criminal actions as heroic or advertisement of liquor with false impressions of humanity above real circumstances could be checked (Francis et al, 2006). Films as well as books of fiction embodying aggressive opinions and characterization are potential source of crime motivation. Socio-economic structure of the society also may promote crime due to cultural determinism.
Crimes particularly arising along gender causes are in the manners of biological causes, that is a woman would engage in crime to acquire food to feed the children, emotional instability during menstruation, of between spouses who feel abused of infidelity grounds from the partners (William et al, 2003). Marriage counseling would address such deviance. In addition, equitable macro-welfare schemes promote healthy living and minimize deviance.
Encounter with terror or physical abuse within the family may influence violence among growing up individuals (Walker, 2005). Moreover, socialization involves the development of self identity, expectations and goals in life. This is often a delicate process in the manner that overregulation may hinder proper development; on the other hand, little control may yield criminal orientation.
The grave challenges that arise in criminal actions are dependent on the gravity of the crime, authorities, law enforcement, social loss in terms of limited social opportunity, beheaded inter-personal relations and loss of time for gainful employment or for educational advancement among other losses (Walker, 2005). When one is put under arrest, there is often punishment with lead to loss of personal comfort. In addition, criminal attempts among young males and adolescent youth are mainly motivated by material gain, particularly as a result of challenges of inferiority within neighborhoods. Since young male adults are challenged.
Role modeling after criminal characters in the society and media enhance criminal orientation in the sense that persons with low self opinions and esteems fall victim of poor role modeling schemes to cope with perceived threats of domination in the competition for chances of association with members of the opposite sex. Such challenges coupled with peer pressure often lead to deviance and escalate to crime (Walker, 2005). Also, social institutions as schools often are breeding grounds for negative influence through the curriculum content and extracurricular activities. It is often experienced that students form associations with peers, some positive and others negative, yet they are important for personality development.
Intervention to curb or minimize negative effects of crime could be institutional or individual; otherwise intervention after criminal offence is often devastating as mob injustice, police shoot out that could be fatal or leading to loss of life. In addition, through the life process, criminality could emerge from various bases of personality development in infancy, social class levels, minority identities; economic power and gender among many other reasons and personal purposes, when analyzed give adequate information of relevant corrective intervention. Also genetic, environmental and experience promote criminal orientation because (Quenney, 2004).
Interventions to curb gender caused crimes
Social arrangements within families can adequately facilitate adequate prevention as well as corrective intervention in predominantly socially regulated families. In circumstances where family bonds are weak, options are open for legal or judicial correction (Messerschmidt, 1986). Moreover, public campaign against crime often yield correction in the manner that they raise levels of sensitivity and awareness of potential targets.
Church and religious organizations could discharge their full functions in society to lessen or discourage criminal tendency, also, a bold grip with deliquesce in society from such organizations tend to socialize the youth in appropriate social role schemes hence minimizing negative and unworthy behavior (Messerschmidt, 1986). Moreover, the structure of inequality and disadvantage in society could be addressed by national planning intervention as well as through adequate legislative intervention. Institutions of the government could be engaged to address specific areas with escalating heights of crime.
Conclusion
The various influences for criminal orientation that base on gender causations are containable within adequate societal arrangements and interventions. The family unit is often in the best position to intervene in the earliest opportunity to counter unacceptable criminal orientation. In addition, society often defines criminal actions as well as proscribes punishment and remedy. In such a context, parties as authorities and non-governmental organizations may have sectarian approaches to control crime (Messerschmidt, 1986).
The discussion here is rich in various potential crime causes. However, the theories relating to gender are incomplete as none presents a holistic explanation. It’s worth noting also that the reality of crime in a society is often hard to describe in macro-level terms (William et al, 2003). Human society and individuals can very hardly tarry to any averaging based on statistics. What exist in reality in terms of interrelations are often individual adaptation schemes amid competing interests and sanctions.
The individual trait differences analyses prove non-existence of criminal traits; rather the traits interact with environmental factors and circumstances yielding a person-situation predicament that leads to crime. Genetic factor influences are currently determinate in explaining criminal acts at least in theory. However, they provide little practical and empirical explanation on their own.
Colleges often are better suited to intervene in mild ways to correct criminal orientation. Moreover, crimes as drug peddling often involve young people as conduits (Francis et al, 2006). More mature criminals often also come around to share their spoil with young girls and prostitutes who cold give information to their hideouts.
The society in its construct however differentiated, often is adequately placed to manage crime because the members all come to some sort of social and economic interaction.
Intervention involving all stakeholders in a functional society could adequately address crime completely (Quenney, 2004). However, it is worth noting that often the society operates chaotically and hence miss the potential to coordinate to eliminate an evil. The chaotic structure is the sole basis of commerce and whose harmonization means the collapse of commerce and rise of crime.
References
Wiliam Bonger (2003). Theories of criminality sexual characteristics, contemporary perspectives and ideation. Anderson Publishing.
Francis T. Cullen and Robert Agnew (2006). Criminological theory Past to present essential reading, 3rd Edition, Roxbury Publishing Company. LA, California.
Walker T. Jeffery and Sean Robert (2005). Maddan Statistics in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Analysis and Interpretation. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Messerschmidt, J. W. (1986). Crime, Patriarchy and Capitalism: Toward a Feminist Socialist Criminology. NJ: Littlefield and Rowman Publishers.
Quenney R. Franc (2004). Contemporary theories of Deviance, Crime and Gender perspectives; schemes of social control. London: Hodder Arnold.