Executive summary
The project relates to opening a new shop of cap sports in Dubai. The master budget is prepared to forecast revenue and expenses that will incur in the manufacturing and selling of caps. The master budget shows an estimation of different direct and indirect costs that will incur in producing and selling the product. The main purpose of this master budget is to predict the performance of various business operations of the business. The master budget refers to different low-level budgets of a manufacturing company which is prepared after estimations of all functional areas. Different types of budgets are discussed separately in this report along with their discussion.
Introduction
Cap Sport is a new company that specializes in manufacturing caps that are used in various sports. The master budget is prepared by making financial projections of the company in each quarter for the first year. The company plan is to open a new shop to sell its products in Dubai, U.A.E.
Master Budget
The master budget is a plan that comprises of plans for different operational or functional activities of the business. It helps owners and managers to prepare a strategic plan according to financial projections (Vallabhaneni 833). The assumptions about the business are made to prepare a master budget as it is essential to forecast sales and expenses according to the expected market conditions.
Purpose and Benefits of the Master Budget
The main purpose of a master budget is to make estimations of costs and expenses that are likely to incur in the future. The main benefit of the master budget is to analyze the current market and make the decision of investment by analyzing opportunities and risks associated with the new project.
Budget Process
The master budget has no fixed process as it depends on the operations and functions of the business. The main element is to determine the key areas of business and bifurcate it into different small budgets. The key components such as project sales and cash flows, and estimated costs and expenses should be included in the process of budgeting (Vallabhaneni 812). The main elements of the master budget are presented below.
Sales Budget
Sales budget refers to the forecasting of sales predicted by a company based on the market conditions. It contains information about the number of units that are expected to be sold during a particular period and price of each unit. Total revenue is also indicated in it to show the expected revenue that will be generated from sales of the company’s products. The sales budget of Cap Sport is presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Sales Budget
Table 1 indicates the company’s forecasted sales in the first year. Cap Sport will be able to increase the number of units sold in each quarter as the market size of Dubai is large and there are opportunities for growth. The company would be able to boost its sales in the third quarter to 12,000 units as a major sports event is held every year in this period in Dubai. The high demand for sports accessories will enable the company to increase the unit price of its products in the market.
Production Budget
The production budget determines the number of units of a product that needs to be sold during a specific period and the inventory to be held by the company at the end of each period. The production budget is essential to estimate whether the company can fulfill the demand for its products. The production budget details are provided in Table 2.
Table 2
Production Budget
The production budget shows that Cap Sport will increase its planned ending inventory gradually in each quarter. The company plans to change its production budget according to the increase in the demand for sports caps in Dubai. The main reason for the high ending inventory in the third and fourth quarter is due to various sports events that will be held in the country.
Direct Material Budget
The direct material budget refers to the budget that includes details of raw material that are required for production. The quarterly budget for the purchase of direct materials is prepared in Table 3.
Table 3
Direct Material Budget
The budgeted direct material purchases represent the costs that will be incurred for the purchase of raw materials in each quarter. The additional cost refers to the cost that will be incurred for transferring goods from suppliers to the store of the company. Therefore, it should be included in the cost of raw material.
Direct Labor Budget
The budget provided in Table 4 is based on the number of labor hours and the cost of labor for producing a specific quantity of the company’s product. Also, the direct labor budget is prepared after the production budget that indicates the number of units required for production.
Table 4
Direct Labor Budget
The direct labor budget shows the estimated hours of direct labor that will be utilized for producing the specific number of units in each quarter. There will no change in the number of hours per product as the company cannot compromise on the quality of its products to increase its efficiency. However, the cost per hour of labor will increase in third and fourth quarters followed as the company will increase its working hours to meet the high demand for caps in that period.
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
Manufacturing overhead budget includes all costs of production excluding direct labor and direct material. It is also known as a factory overhead budget that includes all costs incurred for manufacturing a product. It implies that selling and administration costs and expenses are not included in this budget. The manufacturing overhead budget of the company is provided in Table 5 given below.
Table 5
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
The total factory overhead of Cap Sport will gradually increase in each quarter due to the increase in production units. Rent and depreciation are equally divided in each quarter as they are fixed. Cash disbursements do not include depreciation as it is a non-cash expense.
Selling and Administrative Budget
Selling and administrative budget is an essential element of the master plan as it includes the details of operating expenditures that will be incurred for delivering products or services to customers. All indirect costs that have no relation to the manufacturing department should be included in this budget (Vallabhaneni 353). The details of selling and administration expenses of Cap Sport are provided in Table 6.
Table 6
Selling and Administration Expenses Budget
Cost of Goods Manufacturing Budget
The cost of goods manufacturing relates to the cost of goods that were used in the manufacturing of the company’s products. All direct labor costs and manufacturing overheads will be included in the total amount. However, adjustments are required for calculating the cost of direct material by using the formula provided below.
Direct material cost = Cost of purchases of raw material + Cost of beginning raw material – Cost of ending raw material
The details of the cost of goods manufactured budget are provided in Table 7 given below.
Table 7
Cost of Goods Manufactured Budget
Expected Cash Payments
Expected Cash Payments is a schedule of payments to suppliers. It is estimated that 75 percent of the total payments of raw material will be made to suppliers on delivery. However, the rest of the payment that is 25 percent will be paid after three months of the delivery. Therefore, the expected cash payment schedule is prepared in Table 8 accordingly.
Table 8
Expected Cash Payments
Cash Budget
The cash budget is useful to determine estimated cash inflows and cash outflows of the business. It helps in analyzing the need for cash to run a business. The cash budget of Cap Sport is presented in Table 9 that shows the company will borrow two amounts of $100,000 and $200,000 from a bank to pay its due obligations.
Table 9
Cash Budget
Income Statement of Cap Sport
The projected income statement of Cap Sport is prepared by incorporating all associated costs and expenses in the cost of goods sold and operating expenses. The income statement of the company shows that it will be able to generate profit in the first year of its business.
Table 10
Income Statement
Conclusion
The master budget plan includes important financial estimations. Therefore, the management of the new shop should focus on preparing sales strategies according to it. The estimation of costs and expenses is useful for preparing a plan for reducing risks that may affect the business and generate a loss for it.
Works Cited
Vallabhaneni, S. Rao. Wiley CIA Excel Exam Review 2016: Part 3, Internal Audit Knowledge Elements. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.