Introduction
At an older age, people deserve to spend their time with dignity, but are often forced to rely on the care of others – their relatives, medical professionals, or social workers. For example, physical health decreases, causing weakness, and cognitive changes occur, leading to a decline in thinking abilities (Markson et al., 2016). Such circumstances make things difficult for the older generation, often leaving them feeling deprived of their dignity and respect.
However, preserving dignity is critical for a person’s well-being, and therefore, the employees responsible for caring are faced with the task of maintaining it. The problem is complicated because the concept of dignity has multiple facets and can be perceived in various ways. Moreover, paying attention to the individual’s background is essential to show respect and implement an individualized approach to care. Although the understanding of ideas related to dignity can be ambiguous, specific aspects and factors are integral elements and, therefore, can serve as the basis for supporting the older generation.
The Concept of Dignity in Social Care
While the concept of dignity is widely discussed, its understanding can be vague and different in the perceptions of medical staff and their clients. Despite the difficulties of definition, scholarly literature often considers four critical types of dignity. The concept of Menschenwürde represents the universal human dignity to which every individual is entitled (Kinnear et al., 2014). Dignity as a merit is manifested based on a person’s achievements, for example, the title received (Higgins, 2023). Dignity based on personal identity involves respect for a client’s individuality (Higgins, 2023).
Finally, dignity based on moral status requires respect for human principles, for instance, vegetarianism (Higgins, 2023). All types except Menschenwürde are more subjective and may be shaky depending on external influence (Kinnear et al., 2014). At the same time, the universal dignity of a person is integral and should be significantly supported by employees. This necessity means showing equal respect to all customers regardless of age.
Dignity Factors
Despite the uncertainty of the concepts, eight factors critical for maintaining dignity were highlighted. The choice and control factor suggests that it is essential for the older generation to retain the opportunity to make their own decisions, for example, in choosing leisure activities or clothing (Higgins, 2023). The communication factor involves respectful interaction and listening to a person. Social inclusion involves communicating with peers and participating in events, such as holidays (Higgins, 2023). The food and nutrition factor suggests not only the need to maintain patients’ strength through food but also the possibility of choosing a meal, consuming it leisurely, and enjoying the experience.
The pain control factor is essential in treating patients to alleviate discomfort. Privacy involves respecting personal life and keeping confidential information private from others. Aspects of personal hygiene and practical assistance are crucial for maintaining dignity. It can be challenging for the older generation to receive service, especially in hygiene, and therefore, providers should discuss measures and obtain consent for any action (Higgins, 2023). Support for these factors helps to preserve the dignity of patients who require care.
Dignity in Social Care Concepts Application
LGBTQI Elders
Respect for the personality and background of the elder is necessary to support health. Belonging to the LGBTQI community is one of the aspects defining individuality, but this older generation group has a unique and often disadvantageous position in matters of care. Their needs are often not addressed, as the focus of policy and research shifts to older members of traditional families (Markson et al., 2016). Moreover, these seniors are less likely to have a partner, close relatives, or children willing to provide support (Anderson, 2008).
In addition to widespread fears among the older generation about dependence on others and mental and physical weakness, LGBTQI people are significantly afraid of discrimination (Anderson, 2008). Therefore, to support the dignity of this population at an older age, it is essential to ensure that caregivers do not exhibit prejudice. In addition to basic measures to maintain dignity in this group, it is crucial to show respect for their identity and meet relevant needs by avoiding discrimination.
Female Elders
Patients may also have unique needs based on gender, which must be considered when ensuring dignity. In particular, dignity factors include personal hygiene, receiving care, and pain control (Higgins, 2023). In these matters, older females have unique needs, such as menopause and breast health problems. For women, the factor of choice in the issue of their appearance may also be necessary, as they are more sensitive to matters of self-esteem at an older age (Higgins, 2023). Therefore, to ensure the dignity of this group, caregivers should pay careful attention to the health and aging characteristics of women and provide them with the necessary support.
Racially Diverse Elders
Ethnic origin is another significant aspect of an individual’s background, particularly in a diverse community. When supporting dignity for diverse racial groups, it is essential to consider how ancestry can influence perceptions of care (Saltus & Folkes, 2013). Moreover, it is critical to maintain a sense of identity and belonging (Saltus & Folkes, 2013).
Racial identity is an integral part of an individual, and therefore, respect for it corresponds to the concept of dignity. Finally, discrimination and prejudice against minorities are unacceptable during care, as they can violate human rights and adversely affect dignity. As a result, providers need to be aware of and sensitive to racial characteristics.
Culturally Diverse Elders
The cultural background also significantly influences a person’s perception and behavior, and therefore requires attention when ensuring dignity. In particular, cultural and religious practices may be essential to the psychological well-being of the older generation and affect their overall condition. For this reason, it is crucial to ensure that patients have access to practices such as designated prayer spaces and times, as well as opportunities to communicate with a priest and mentor.
Moreover, culture also determines a person’s communication style, behavior, and values. For example, for some representatives, the presence of relatives during the health discussion may be necessary; for others, it is unacceptable to condemn their painful feelings. Such details affect the interaction with caregivers and may impact the quality of services. As a consequence, staff must be culturally sensitive and aware of their patients’ cultural traditions.
Conclusion
Thus, ensuring dignity in providing care to the older generation may be a challenge, but it is a necessity for their well-being. Dignity can manifest in various ways, such as dignity based on merit or moral principles. However, providers must always maintain universal dignity, which is an inalienable human right. When discussing dignity in care, eight factors that support it can be identified, and therefore, providers must pay attention to them. Moreover, dignity also depends on personal characteristics such as gender, identity, culture, and race.
References
Anderson, L. (2008). Aging more complicated for gays; Many fear discrimination in health care, social isolation and no family. The Province.
Higgins, J. (2023). Promoting dignity in care. CPD Online College.
Kinnear, D., Williams, V., & Victor, C. (2014). The meaning of dignified care: An exploration of health and social care professionals’ perspectives working with older people. BMC Research Notes, 7, 1-9.
Markson, E. W., Stein, P. J., & Alden, E. L. (2016). Social gerontology: Issues & prospects (2nd ed.). Zovio Inc.
Saltus, R., & Folkes, E. (2013). Understanding dignity and care: An exploratory qualitative study on the views of older people of African and African‐Caribbean descent. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 14(1), 36-46.