From the 15th century up to the 18th century, European exploration and expansion occurred (Cipolla, 2000). Several factors influenced this occurrence. These factors are economic, social, and technological changes that took place in Europe before the 15th century. Advances in sailing technologies enable Europeans to explore other continents. With the aim of controlling major trade routes, which were dominated by Arabs, some of the earliest Europeans were sent on trips around the world, leading to the discovery of America. Equally, religious factors played a major role in enhancing European exploration and expansion in the 15th century. The Europeans wanted to spread Christianity to their new colonies.
Because of this exploration and expansion, several immediate and long-term effects were felt in the colonies. The expansion extended trade between the colonies and Europe. New products were introduced to these colonies, while other new products were introduced to Europe from the colonies. For instance, tobacco was introduced to Europe from America, while horses were introduced to America from Europe. In the long-term, most of the indigenous communities lost their land to the European immigrants. These resulted in numerous conflicts and wars between the indigenous communities across Africa, Asia, and America and the Europeans. Another major long-term effect of the expansion is the diversity witnessed in Europe and America. Nowadays, black people whose origin can be traced to Africa live in the US and Europe.
By exploring other lands, several Europeans realized enormous accomplishments. Advancement in technology, the need to spread Christianity, the need for economic expansion, and the desire for fame are some of the major factors that enhanced expansion and exploration during the age of exploration.
Reference
Cipolla, C. M. (2000). Guns, sails and empires; technological innovation and the early phases of European expansion, 1400-1700. New York: Pantheon Books.