There are four roles in field observation: complete observer, observer as a participant, participant as an observer, and complete participant (Sauro, 2015). These roles allow the researcher to gather vital data using different approaches to engaging with the researched group of individuals. The observation usually proceeds in the observer’s desired environment (workplace, home, meeting, etc.).
The complete observer role allows noticing every aspect of interaction that occurs within the group, therefore allowing gathering data on patterns and behavioral peculiarities. However, it prevents the observer from participating, which eliminates the possibility to create various situations to test gathered data.
The role of the observer as a participant allows for interaction with the group. The weakness, then, is the fact that the group’s members know that there is an observer, which potentially limits their willingness to behave as usual.
Participant as an observer is more of a member of the group than researcher so that other participants may act more like usual. Nevertheless, participants still know who the researcher is, so there are still certain limitations.
Complete participant achieves full integration, which allows for less data contamination. Although this role performs correctly regarding information gathering, participants may find it unacceptable to research them like this
Primary and Secondary Data Sources
Primary and secondary data sources may be used to achieve different purposes. If the research requires more depth, primary data sources are used. If it requires broadness and coverage, secondary data sources are the best option.
The Social Production of Data Collection
The social production of data may be a useful tool for gathering vital information. However, it is greatly influenced by such factors as participants’ age, gender, education, occupation, and location. Participants’ interaction creates some possibilities as well as challenges.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Secondary Data Analysis
As stated before, secondary data sources allow for better coverage and broaden research, which is their strength. The weak point, then, is the time it takes to gather and analyze data, as well as its inability to provide the researcher with precise data most of the time.
References
Sauro, J. (2015). 4 Types of Observational Research. Web.