Introduction
The human tendencies and behavior are directly related with sexual activity for passionate sexual arousal. The human sexuality is strongly influenced by genetically inherited sexual propensity, reproductive behavior, individualistic sex drives and societal behavior towards sex.
In physiological terms, there is extensive range of human sexuality, varying from individual to individual. The human sexuality encompasses the gender identity, sexual practices, sexual directions and sociological aspects of human sexuality in correspondence with someone’s personality. Commonly human sexuality covers the wider range of individualistic experiences of sexual intercourse and contacts, behaviors. The human sexual behaviors are also defined in terms of cultural, theological, ethical, social, political and spiritual or religious concepts too. (1)
Main body
Introducing the New Sexuality Studies by Steven Seidman, Nancy Fischer, and Chet Meeks is a perfect research work on human behavioral sexuality and the students, researchers may get valuable information from this book. The book is written by co-authors to illustrate substantial hypothesis of human sexuality in correspondence with social factors how an individuals, social animal experiences sexual functioning, variations of sexual behaviors on the behalf of individualistic race, nationality and society.
The authors discuss all sociological aspects of human sexuality in the perspectives of global, multi-cultural, social, political and religious premises. Introducing the New Sexuality Studies is one of the most valuable pieces of writing, comprising almost 50 concise and genuine essays, based on central keynotes and themes of sexuality in every aspect. The interviews are taken by well-qualified scholars to authenticate this fine workmanship of the latest research, Introducing the New Sexuality Studies, creating a great interest of the readers in sexuality studies. (2)
This exclusive collection of essays and interviews of Steven Seidman, Nancy Fischer, and Chet Meeks provides critical analysis of multi-facets of human sexuality in the context of social and historical context. The book demonstrates how the new hypothesis of sexuality has broken old sexual taboos; discriminations and prejudicial concepts of old age by revolutionary cultural transformation.
It is very necessary to know innovative ways of sexuality for every individual and Introducing the New Sexuality Studies is an unprecedented research work on sexuality for the perfect introduction of sexual process, contacts, intercourse and sexual constraints in view of political, cultural, social and religious concepts. It is a detailed study of contemporary sexual knowledge and understanding of sexual climates of global community. (3)
The human sexual passions are aroused by some biological factors, organic and neurological reactions, and regulation of hormones in well-balances form, hereditary traits of reproduction or sexual function or dysfunction, encompassing all challenging issues of sex drives of different individuals. The human sexuality is the central part of social life of humans, governed by human behavior, passions and status quo.
In some cultural aspects of specific society, sex relations are considered legitimate in the form of acceptable marriage, martial relationship, interaction of two partners for physical or emotional intimacy in order to achieve perfect sexual pleasure i.e. successful orgasm. The extra-martial relationship or sexual abuse case studies threaten illegal and unprotected sex, consequently unwanted pregnancy which is prohibited according to the social or legal norms. (4)
An orgasm or sexual climax is experienced by both male and female sexual partners when sexual intercourse progresses gradually, having the different phases of sexual cyclic responses. Orgasm is defined as intense physical pleasure or instinctive sensual gratification, governed by the involuntary or autonomic nervous system. When an individual experiences an orgasm, involuntary contraction occurs in lower pelvic muscles around the principal sexual organs and anus. After orgasm, both sexual partner feel muscular fatigue and need to take rest. (5)
The sexual partners have to adopt different ways of approaching pleasurable orgasm, sexual sensation by stimulating penis or clitoris. Orgasm can be achieved by varied ways of sexual stimulation when a couple involves in variety of sexual activities, ranging from sexual intercourse, oral sex, manual masturbation, anal sex, sensual vibrator, non-penetrative sex, erotic electrostimulation etc. when the sexual partners have no physical interaction to achieve orgasm, they may experience psychological arousal while dreaming e.g. nocturnal emission or “wet dream” in males. When man reaches a climax of sexual pleasure, orgasm, male sex organ, penis is stimulated excitedly to pulsate sexual sensation of neuromuscular rapture.
During orgasm, semen is ejaculated for a while when a man’s pleasurable sexual sensation gradually vanishes. The intensity of orgasm varies from man to man according to their physical potency to indulge in sexual drives with great exhilaration. According to the latest medical research and reports, a woman experience orgasm for longer period rather than man. A woman experiences of erection of clitoris, lubrication of vaginal passage, sex flushes, reddish scars on skin due to increase in blood pressure during orgasm. (5)
Some woman experiences loss of sexual sensation, vaginal or clitoral orgasm, and low intensity libido due to sexual dysfunction. There are many social factors which are basic reasons of sexual repression in women. The societal restraints may cause loss of orgasm in woman too as psychologically stimulation of sex hormones is restricted due to numerous social factors. The use of orgasmic diet may help to improve female sexual dysfunction, recommended by sexologists. The act of sexual intercourse is highly enjoyable depending on each partner’s capability to participate. It also depends on physiological and psychological stimulation behavior. Sex hormones play important role in sexual intercourse.
In nutshell, sexuality is a fundamental sociological aspect of human life, ranging physical, social, cultural, ethical, psychological, emotional and spiritual experiences of human beings. Typically, sexual arousal involves “the sensual pleasure that comes from the stimulation of the body, often with the anticipation of an enjoyable, erotic feeling” (Westheimer & Lopater, 2005, p. 24) There are multiple implications of human sexuality, celebration, pleasure, intimacy, interaction, love, power, keynotes of sexual stimulation. There are a number of physiological, socio-psychological, biological factors which develop the different ways of expressing sensual experiences in maintaining sexual health. (6)
The human sensual gratification is experienced in thoughts, passionate desires, fantasies, social values, beliefs, behavioral sex practices, intimacy of relationship etc. all these multi-dimensional aspects of human sexuality are influenced by biological, social, psychological, cultural, legal, religious, spiritual and economical factors to enhance the pleasures of orgasm of sexual beings. Sexual health is determined as a state of physical, mental, emotional and social well-being which has direct association with sexual activity and functionality. There is a need of positive and considerate approach to sexual relationship for the safe and enjoyable orgasm.
The sexual health can be maintained when all sexual rights of individuals are guaranteed with great protection and respect. The sexual disorders or dysfunctions can be treated in order to achieve gratifying orgasm when both males and females experiences sexual compulsion, sexual arousal syndrome, inadequate mental or genital arousal, premature ejaculation or painful sexual intercourse. All these features of sexual syndrome may diminish the sensations of orgasms in both men and women. (7)
“Orgasm is rhythmic, involuntary contractions of the reproductive structures/organs in both sexes. In the male, this occurs in two stages: emission, in which the semen is injected into the urethra; and ejaculation, in which the semen is propelled into the woman’s vagina. A male normally has only one orgasm (and some men may fall asleep during/after the resolution phase which follows). In the female, orgasm involves the uterus and outer vagina but not the upper two thirds of the vagina.
Typically it is harder to stimulate a woman to reach orgasm, and the man needs to take care to make sure the woman is ready when he is. Women, however, can have multiple orgasms, and once aroused, are often not ready to “quit” when, physiologically, the man’s body is progressing to the resolution phase. Many women appreciate continued, gentle stimulation after coitus.” (8)
Conclusion
Hence, the human sexuality is a complicated biopsychosocial process which has direct or indirect association with physiological facets of sexual response like erection or ejaculation and there is a need of understanding the process of sexual climax in the context of interpersonal, psychosexual, interapersonal, socio-cultural aspects. The loss of sexual sensation, low rate of libido or orgasm include different socio-psychological factors like unconscious aggression, or inexpressible violence or anger, inadequate sexual arousal or fear of pregnancy, sexually transmission of infected diseases etc. (7).