Introduction
Philosophers have long argued whether it is reasonable for individuals to act ethically in the absence of societal dictates. In Plato’s Republic, Glaucon argues in the “Ring of Gyges” that the fear of punishment is the only thing acting as a deterrent for unlawful actions. In my view, some moral principles are not contingent on social consequences and are universal for everyone at all times. Therefore, one should pursue ethical behavior independently of the possibility of a punishment: such behavior aligns with the intrinsic sense of right and wrong that guides individuals in the actions that they take.
The Primacy of Intrinsic Principles of Morality
Moral conduct should not be reduced to a mere response to social repercussions. Instead, the ethical principles that individuals should abide by must be intrinsic and direct, applying to individuals regardless of outer conditions. Moral realism suggests that some values are deeply ingrained in the conscience of all people universally (FitzPatrick 15). It highlights the existence of values such as honesty, compassion, and fairness, which remain relevant notwithstanding the constraints society may place on individuals.
Justice is the supreme moral norm for many, particularly within the fairness or justice approach (Velsaquez et al.). Keeping the fairness of the action in mind, individuals avoid discrimination because they recognize the inherent value of all human beings and their right to equal treatment. This moral compass encourages people to do the right thing because of a genuine commitment to their values rather than the fear of being caught in a lie.
Prioritizing the Common Good
In addition to the fact that many values are inherent in humans, it is sensible to follow a specific code of conduct due to its benefits for the good of a community. This argument differs from the notion that communal restrictions steer human actions. Instead, human beings see themselves as contributors to the common welfare.
The common good approach suggests that citizens envision a perfect society they would like to live in and act accordingly to achieve that vision (Velasquez et al.). This notion aims to promote cooperation and solidarity, which come from the inner desire of the people to achieve welfare for all. This way, those who prioritize these ideas have a solid framework for decision-making. As a result, the deeds are beneficial for all community members and contribute to the long-term prosperity of the community.
Ethics and Free Will
The existence of free will allows for personal growth and development. This implies that with time and effort, a person can choose to be a better version of themselves, which includes the desire to follow the belief in benevolence. In the same way, according to Kant and other philosophers, one has a right not to be deprived of human dignity and not to be treated with disrespect by others (Velasquez et al.). Someone who has developed a strong sense of autonomy will also feel a duty to respect the freedom of others, recognizing the importance of these values. In other words, the desire not to have personal boundaries violated will encourage one not to infringe on anyone’s rights.
Conclusion
Ethical behavior is valuable not only because of the lack of aftermath. It is logical for individuals to comply with a particular honor code for various reasons. Firstly, the majority of values are innate and fundamental and do not depend on the legal consequences. Secondly, they allow citizens to strive for a thriving society. Ultimately, individuals can appreciate their own autonomy and that of others.
Works Cited
FitzPatrick, William J. Ethical Realism. Cambridge University Press, 2022.
Plato. “Ring of Gyges”. The Republic. Translated by Benjamin Jowett, 360 BC.
Velasquez, Manuel, et al. “Thinking ethically.” Issues in Ethics, 2015, pp. 2-5.