Case Study
According to the lab data, the patient’s indicators are within the norm. Therefore, additional check-ups are not necessary. Most probably, the patient has kidney stones because the outcomes of his urinalysis are not within the norm, and there is inflammation. Also, the level of specific gravity is higher than it should be, and this increases the risk of kidney stones as well. The high level of pH is also one of the most prevalent factors contributing to the development of this ailment (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, & Porter, 2015).
Assessment
The accumulation of the items identified as kidney stones irritates kidneys (Dunphy et al., 2015). The crystals transpire in the urine and become the first sign of kidney stones (Qaseem, Dallas, Forciea, Starkey, & Denberg, 2014). Numerous symptoms are characteristic of kidney stones – some of them are vomiting, urinary frequency, fever, and hematuria (Dunphy et al., 2015). Within the framework of the current assessment, it was found that the patient suffers from nausea and fever. According to the level of pH, there are struvite stones in the patient’s kidneys (Goroll & Mulley, 2014).
Additional Diagnostic Tests
Some of the additional diagnostic tests may include urine culture. It is critical to complete the tests when the treatment ends as well. This can be done to prevent the patient from future issues with kidney stones.
Patient Education
The patient should follow a strict dietary pattern and avoid consuming products that are rich in purine or oxalate. The patient is recommended to perform physical activities and gather the stones that come out using special filters (Hollier, 2016). Following the treatment plan, calcium- and phosphorus-rich drugs should not be taken. Some of the medications were found to be dangerous in terms of causing overdose or even death.
Referrals
There is currently no possibility of referral, except the symptoms will get worse. The patient may be hospitalized if suffering from decreased renal function or severe pain. Any complications that transpire should be addressed right away.
Follow-up
The follow-up activities should be in place to regulate the treatment process. The treatment will have to be adjusted if the pain becomes acute, and the medications turn out to be ineffective (Goroll & Mulley, 2014). The patient currently takes two pills an hour, and his condition is within the norm. Ultimately, he can be sent to a specialist that will help the patient to get rid of the need for medications (Ferri, 2017).
Possible Warning Signs of Prescription Drug Abuse
The treatment process can lead to drug abuse if the patient continues to take an excessive amount of suppositories (Cheatle, 2015). The opioids that were prescribed by the doctor can trigger a drug abuse issue, but the occurrence of this event is merely probable within the framework of the current case study (Shapiro, Coffa, & McCance-Katz, 2013). If there is a need to identify if the patient is becoming a drug abuser, the medic will have to take into account his nausea, drowsiness, and pain control.
CDC Recommendations
The first recommendation is to come up with several realistic treatment goals before allowing the patient to take any of the medications (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Another recommendation is to assess the risks of administering drugs to the patient within the framework of the multidisciplinary healthcare setting (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The last recommendation is to ensure that the lowest levels of opioids are used throughout the treatment process (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The medications that can lead to drug abuse should be carefully monitored and managed.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain – United States, 2016. Web.
Cheatle, M. D. (2015). Prescription opioid misuse, abuse, morbidity, and mortality: Balancing effective pain management and safety. Pain Medicine, Supplement, 1(16), 3-8. Web.
Dunphy, L. M., Winland-Brown, J. E., Porter, B. O., & Thomas, D. J. (2015). Primary care the art and science of advanced practice nursing (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company. Web.
Ferri, F. F. (2017). Ferri’s clinical advisor. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier. Web.
Goroll, A. H., & Mulley, A.G. (2014). Primary care medicine: Office evaluation and management of the adult patient. (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA. Wolters Kluwer Health. Web.
Hollier, A. (2016). Clinical guidelines in primary care (2nd ed.). Scott, LA: Advanced Practice Education Associates. Web.
Qaseem, A., Dallas, P., Forciea, M. A., Starkey, M., & Denberg, T. D. (2014). Dietary and pharmacologic management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 161(9). 695-667. Web.
Shapiro, B., Coffa, D., & McCance-Katz, E. (2013). A primary care approach to substance misuse. American Family Physician, 88(2), 113-121. Web.