The above philosopher lived between 1863 and 1930. She was a respected scholar, having beaten all the odds to become the first female to attain the academic credentials that are equivalent to those of men.
However, the university did not award her the degree because it was against the academic policy of the institution to award a degree to a woman. She managed to become the first female lecturer at Wellesley University between 1887 and 1929, specifically with philosophy.
She became the first female president of various associations, including the American Psychological Association (Schulman, 2002). According to the philosopher, human knowledge was based on experience but not mental experience.
In this case, she perceived science as a conservatory of individual knowledge. She thought that science could be used to influence human life positively. However, she believed that the unknown could not be treated as science.
The philosopher was interested in exploring the self. She described the self as a reality based on experience. However, the self is a feature that persists in an individual’s life. It constitutes the features of an individual.
Ellen Bliss Talbot
The philosopher existed between 1867 and 1968, in the US. She became the first woman to earn a PhD in philosophy. She published a number of books to express her views concerning philosophical life.
The philosopher was considered a Fichte scholar since she reviewed the works of Kant in a significant way (Friedan, 2001). She believed that the ego or the self is the eventual leader of the self. In her further research, she noted that the ego is singular and individualistic meaning that it cannot be relied upon during decision-making process.
The ego cannot unify an individual’s experience. This could be equated to Kant’s transcendental union of gratitude, which could not clarify the link between an objective idea and a subject issue.
In her subsequent studies, the philosopher noted that the ego exists in two main forms. The first form is the subjective form while the second is the unified form.
Marietta Kies
The philosopher was one of the most successful scholars at Michigan University. She went managed to become the head of various departments in various universities. Her main contribution related to the theory of altruism.
She analyzed the altruistic theory using feminist approach, making her works innovative and original. She distinguished between traditional ethic of justice and the empathic ethic of grace.
She observed that the traditional ethic of justice emerges from an individual’s political life while the empathic ethic of grace is related to religious beliefs.
According to her, justice is a memorable idea that is well protected in the constitution. Justice is achieved when each person in society is given a chance to fulfill his or her potentials.
Best Stand
Personally, I would approve the views of Marietta Kies. This is because justice is usually perceived to be egoistic in society. On the other hand, grace is a holy belief that focuses more on sympathy, unselfishness, and care.
In other words, it is concerned with the altruistic features. People would sacrifice their lives for their loved ones in order to achieve the interests of the family.
While some scholars, such as Hegel, termed this form of grace as authority, Kies observed that it was an altruistic grace meaning that it in the interest of each member of society to ensure basic needs are availed to those in need (MacKinnon, 2010).
Hegel believed that only the state could provide such services. Therefore, it is upon each individual to ensure that each member of society fulfills his or her dream.
References
Friedan, B (2001). The Feminine Mystique. New York: Norton.
MacKinnon, B. (2010). Ethics and contemporary issues. New York: Cengage Learning.
Schulman, B. (2002). The Seventies: The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and politics. New York: Da Capo Press.