Introduction
This was a historical period in Brazil’s history where a lot of tears were sent, pain and suffering as people were brutally murdered, tortured and bein sent out of their homes. During this regime of military dictatorship, there were new restrictions introduced and military dealt with both domestic and political issues.
There was condemnation of the two superpowers which held joint control systems. During this time there was a lot of insecurity and therefore, people defended disarmament so that they could stay armed for them to safeguard their families. Brazil has greatly judged because of its treaty which dealt with nuclear nonproliferation since it wanted to acquire rights that could help in developing nuclear technology of its own so that it could stop acquiring armaments from other countries.
Main text
1964 – 1985, was the period in which Brazil faced a lot of military dictatorships and a lot of death and migration occurred. This was facilitated by big team which was composed of clergymen and lawyers (Maybury-Lewis B). Others who were involved were in small numbers and they were forming groups which they used to defend themselves. They studied records of interrogations of the government of Brazil so that they could be able to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the government in dealing with the issue of dictatorship. They also carried out research on disappearance and another aspect that could be used to reveal the security status of a country.
There was a lot of torture which took different techniques which involved being beaten with iron rod, being hanged and another different form which left people in a lot of pain. Tortured by the military was carried out both physically and psychologically and the instruments which were used for torture were those used to deal with prisoners. According to the court ruling, they found out that this was entirely done according to the auspices of Brazilian stake (Power, 2007). Torture was carried out to everyone including pregnant women, children and men which were performed brutally using iron rods and other instruments. The Brazilian government did not prosecute those who were involved in torture for all those years and they were left free. This prevented further problem which could have resulted if these people were prosecuted since a big number of people were involved in this dictatorship. They were pardoned through amnesty law in 1979.
Military dictatorship of 1964 – 1985 took a form of bureaucratic-Authoritarian.
This was entirely conducted by military groups which enabled it to expand its bureaucracy and their main aim was to eliminate progressive, quite radical, initiate social movements and organizations such as guerrilla. They aimed at advancing trajectory development of Brazil’s capitalist developments. The capital developments were meant to be fostered together so that they could ensure that there was tight control to the political parties and unions. This period portrayed a dark period in the history of Brazil while trying to deal with both rural and urban guerrilla movements which they initiated between 1960 and 1970. This form of dictatorship of Brazil took place for 21 years before it was dealt with and it came to an end. This was enabled entirely by military regime.
This regime started by trying to eradicate the issue of dictatorship so that they could make up a movement Peasant League Movement. Brazilian military acted in quite brutal way since they killed and hid people in areas where they could not be seen. They also took leaders to exile and punished hardly so many innocent individuals. The military eliminated peasants physically and other movements of the rural workers which were quite evident in countryside.
By analyzing military regime in Brazil, there is high expectation that no organizations in the rural areas could take place since a campaign was held early enough which dealt with rural repression. The countryside was not affected in any way until 1960 when guerrilla campaign began to operate which was against regime.
There was a counterinsurgency campaign that was made up of a number of military units which include: Army Unit, peasants’ population and the police. PC do B Fon was wiped out during the initial years of 1970s (Bacchus, 1990).
After these historic events, there was emergence of a new forum of unionism in 1960s which stretched to early ’70s. During this time, there were quite a number of unions that resulted from the welfare which was meant to raise the rural worker’s consciousness. This placed them at a very critical point of dictatorship. Unionists enhanced progressive projects by taking over the resources and political space.
They took a lot of caution so as not to provoke state or other rural elites since if provoked they could react leathery. In early 1970s, Acre unionist association was involved with national rural worker progressive wing.
Union Movement Match was slowed as a result of struggle which took place in organization of national union. Military dictatorship was denounced during the period when attempt was being made to end the trouble after a long period of torture. Many of the Brazilian states were under control of right-wing.
Unionist since most of unions was governed by the unionist. Some of these unionists took advantage of military alliance of expense of other workers since in real sense most unionists were not rural workers. Those who wanted to help or do something for rural workers struggled greatly since they were not able to know the genuine unionist.
The state wanted to push Brazil’s capitalist development ahead since it was not near the passive actors. Developmentalism was speeded up in the whole country. Means of transport were constructed to the interior which acted as improved method of enlarging transport in those regions which could help to end the crisis. Incentives and credit were given to which benefited large interest learning smallholders and those in homesteads built in small scale.
Clear pattern was portrayed in this developmentalism. They redistributed to landowners who were quite few and this resulted in Brazil being a county that has unequal distribution of land in the whole world. Some of the territories were completely used or used which resulted in various land scandals (Alexander, 2003). Many people during this period migrated to cities from the countryside since they did not have enough land in the countryside. This encouraged rural–urban migration in most parts of Brazil.
The movement of rural workers divided itself internally and in most cases they intimidated or attracted. In 1985, when the military dictatorship ended, there were very few workers who were organized into unions which were around 2,850 in Brazil (Chall, Chall 2004).
In mid 80’s it is when Brazil started to expect end of this brutal period of military dictatorship. This period ended when civilian rule was posted in 1985. The end of this military brought about freedom to the people of Brazil.
The bureaucratic authoritarian is quite applicable since it expands both stake and public enterprise. The policies of this form are mainly meant to incorporate of masses and also they considered peasants partially. This form was basically military-led which aimed at expanding bureaucracy that wanted to eliminate progressive, quite radical and they also aimed at advancing Brazil’s capitalist movement. They wanted to ensure that there was tight control over the unions and other political parties in Brazil.
This form ensured that it was distinguished by the fact that rule of military which collaborated with technocratic economic team conducted a number of policies on pro-capital economists which was meant to exclude the law income states and those who are in working class. This form maintained stance of anti-politics. Military hardliners in Brazil declared that the problems that the country faced were technical and they were not influenced by politics.
Therefore, National Institution Framework of Brazil is the sole body to claim on the issue of political valuables of the country. This period of military dictatorship left many people dead which had taken a form of bureaucratic authoritarian. The end of dictatorship saw the economic status of the country rising but due to poor and unreliable political leadership, economic status of the country failed. Therefore the end of dictatorship in Brazil was new beginning for its citizens.
During the time of general Emilio, a number of armed resistance groups were formed. The National Liberation Action (ALN) and October 8 Revolution Movement (MR-8) were formed and these were organizations of such icons. These organizations were organization of Carlos Marighella and Carlos Lamarca. These organizations were inspired by the Chinese and Cuban revolution which adopted guerrilla as their operational method and their goal was based on communist. This lead to government being aware of the growth of opposition and hence they reacted accordingly.
Summary
The first sign of resistance was noticed in 1968, which was manifested by so many students protesting. Due to this upsurge, the government had to issue an institutional act which was meant to suspend civil rights and this consequently increased the powers of executive and this was enhanced by some governmental branches being shut down then the state of siege was declared national wide. Those who were involved in protest were suppressed with violence that was unrestrained. It is at this point that the armed action was taken by the anti-military movement which had descended to political underground. So many movements emerged which took place in the urban guerrilla movement
In Marxist theory was established, recruitments were done in schools and universities and those who were determined mist were involved in activism and some decided to go underground leaving their families behind.
Reference:
Mayburry-Lewis B., 2007, Walking the Forest, Harvard University: Cambridge.
Chall P., Chall M., 2004, Sociological Abstract, Bethesda: Cambridge scientific.
Alexander R., 2003, a history Organized Labour in Brazil, United Kingdom: Greenwood Publishing.
Bacchus, 1990, Military Government: Journal of Brazil History. 19(2), 187-190.
Power T., 2007, Military Rule Brazil: Journal of Inter American Studies, 33(2), 179-202.