Nervous System: The Main Functions Essay

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The Nervous System is the “command and control center of the body.” It is controlled by the brain and governs people’s actions, thoughts, and instinctive responses. Furthermore, it regulates other bodily systems and activities like digestion, respiration, and sexual development (puberty). Diseases, accidents, poisons, and the aging process may all harm an individual’s neurological system. Functions: The human nervous System employs specialized cells known as “neurons” to deliver impulses or messages throughout the body (Rose, 2019). These electrical impulses go between the brain, the skin, the organs, the glands, and the muscles. Individuals can move their limbs and feel feelings such as pain thanks to communication. People’s eyes, ears, tongues, noses, and nerves all over their bodies get information about their surroundings. The info is then sent to and from the individual’s brain through nerves. Different types of neurons give out distinct messages. Motor neurons, for example, tell people’s muscles to move. On the other hand, sensory neurons collect information from an individual’s senses and convey it to their brain. Other neurons regulate automatic bodily activities such as breathing, shivering, maintaining a steady heartbeat, and digesting food.

In fact, Schwann cells are glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells are classified into two types: myelinating and non-myelinating. The Schwann cell is sometimes referred to as a neurilemma cell. These are peripheral nervous system cells that produce a myelin coating around neuron axons. On the other hand, Myelinating Schwann cells to aid in the propagation of action potentials between neurons. These cells act similarly to oligodendrocytes, a kind of glial cell found in the central nervous system. During embryonic development, neural crest cells differentiate and give rise to Schwann cells.

Tetanus is a potentially lethal nerve system infection. It is caused by nerve poisons generated by the bacterium “Clostridium tetani.” The bacteria can also remain latent for years in the form of spores before becoming active. Tetanus is a commonly lethal infectious illness. This is because germs frequently enter the body through a puncture wound, which can be produced by a skin burn or break, as well as insect bites. Tetanus toxin impacts the connection between the nerve and the muscle that it stimulates, referred to as the “neuromuscular junction.” This illness has an approximately 14-day incubation period. Children and adults should be protected against tetanus using the traditional vaccination approach.

In fact, since they include both sensory and motor neurons, spinal nerves are referred to as mixed nerves. Sensory neurons transport sensory impulses from the organ to the spinal cord. “Afferent nerves” are another name for them. In fact, “motor neurons” carry impulses from the spinal cord to the target organ, causing it to perform some action. These are also referred to as “efferent nerves.”

The parietal lobe is responsible for reasoning, planning, problem-solving, attention, movement, and controlling the functioning of other lobes such as emotion and communication. It is the brain’s biggest lobe. Parietal lobe functions include movement, perception of stimuli, and, to a lesser extent, memory, orientation, and recognition (Casillo et al., 2020). The temporal lobes are engaged in most memory functions (since the hippocampus and amygdala are situated in this lobe), direction, perception of auditory stimuli, speech, and understanding. The occipital lobe is largely responsible for visual perception and processing. To a lesser extent, it is also engaged in other higher-order functions. Each lobe has its primary purpose, although they all work together to complete tasks.

References

Casillo, S. M., Luy, D. D., & Goldschmidt, E. (2020). A History of the Lobes of the Brain. World Neurosurgery, 134, 353–360. Web.

Rose, S. (2019). Nervous system (1st ed.). Macmillan Publishers.

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