Introduction
Nursing is a dynamic area of work in which professionals need to adapt to change in order to do their job correctly. In addition, an important aspect is the guidance of current theories that can help in choosing the most influential work strategy. Central to the development of nursing is the metaparadigm of nursing, nursing metatheory, nursing philosophies, and nursing theories. In this regard, in this paper, it is necessary to consider Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory in context with metaparadigm concepts and their relationship to understand their applicability in nursing.
Self-Care Deficit Theory
Grand nursing theories are comprehensive concepts that provide complete knowledge and fundamentals about what nurses need to know to be effective. These theories are also critical to successful nursing practice, as they offer a comprehensive understanding of the specifics of the job and the various responsibilities. Grand nursing theories open up a wide range of tools that can be adapted to any clinical setting and are easy to interact with. Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is an example of grand nursing theory. It was developed in the 20th century and contains the idea that humans have an innate ability to care for themselves (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022).
However, due to limitations or scarcity, in some cases, they require assistance in caring for and meeting their needs. Orem’s theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse’s work in this direction, which is due to the provision of competent and timely care to patients (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022). The main goals of this theory are to provide comprehensive understanding, provide guidance for practice, promote holistic care, improve critical thinking, and empower clients.
Metaparadigm of Nursing
The metaparadigm of nursing contains four fundamental components that are key to nursing. Person/Client is the first item that reflects the essence of the paradigm. This aspect reveals the concept of a person that goes beyond the physical component of the patient and also includes the moral, psychological, emotional, and spiritual side (Fawcett, 2023). The next element of nursing is directly related to the healthcare professional responsible for providing nursing care to a person. Nurses play a crucial role in assessing a client’s condition, planning care, and directing efforts toward well-being.
The health component is fundamental in ensuring the patient’s welfare. In nursing, this includes a holistic concern for all components of human well-being (Deliktas et al., 2019). The environment refers to external factors that affect the patient’s comfort. The social and cultural environment is also relevant to this concept, which provides a complete understanding for nurses when assessing a client’s condition.
Metaparadigm Concepts Used by the Theorist
Orem’s use of the Person/Client item to see people as the key beneficiaries of the actions of medical staff. She used this category to focus her theory as closely as possible on restoring people’s ability to self-care (Rosman et al., 2022). The concept of the environment was used by the theorist in order to set up, in theory, the understanding and relationship between how a person feels and what contributes to this state. Orem sees health as a state that people must achieve to reach maximum satisfaction with life. Accordingly, this concept is used by the theorist to develop a system for promoting general well-being, including mental and spiritual factors. Nursing is used by Orem as a field that aims to provide the previous concept.
Advanced Nursing Roles
Advanced practice nurses can use Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to assess patients and plan care. It is necessary to understand the abilities of clients, and on the basis of this, it is practical to draw up a plan to improve their situation. Nurses can also use the key principles of the theory to identify existing gaps in care practices and correct them (Ali, 2022). Therefore, their goal is to help patients provide improved self-care options. Additionally, nurses can develop a curriculum that incorporates the methods and principles of Orem’s Theory.
Metaparadigm and Nursing Theory
Person
As identified by Dorothea Orem’s theory, the concepts of metaparadigm are used in such a way as to provide comprehensive care in cases where a person cannot take care of himself. The Person/Client aspect is central to the chosen theory, as it places great emphasis on how a person feels. The approach in this direction focuses on the discovery that each person is unique, and their needs are specific and must be met individually (Rosman et al., 2022). Sometimes, people need more funds or physical capabilities for all their needs; in this case, the person may need special permanent care from specialists.
Environment
In the context of the environment, the theory under consideration relies on a contextual factor that can significantly affect a person’s ability to care for themselves. The theorist recognizes that the environment can exert external pressure, thus changing circumstances and creating situations in which it is not always possible to maintain the proper condition of the patient (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022). This component includes various factors such as social, physical, and cultural.
Thus, certain conditions are formed around a person that affects how they function, their health, and their mental and spiritual state (Ali, 2022). At the same time, for example, a supportive family can improve the patient’s condition by helping them cope with specific difficulties. At the same time, socio-economic difficulties will hinder the provision of quality care.
Health
The health component is considered by Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory as a general state of well-being in which a person experiences a minimum amount of inconvenience. This should also be reflected in their ability to lead an everyday life without anyone’s help. Thus, health indicators can be considered normal when a person is self-sufficient (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2022). However, this condition is dynamic and does not simply mean the absence of disease. First of all, the theory emphasizes that this component is greatly influenced by a person’s ability to take care of himself.
Nursing
The concept of nursing, considering the theory, determines the need to provide people with the proper satisfaction of their needs and care for them in the case when they cannot fulfill it on their own. In this case, nurses, according to the theory under consideration, help people take care of themselves. This task is a priority and is of great importance to enter the position of a person who cannot perform self-service functions (Ali, 2022). The restoration of these abilities is also the responsibility of the nurse, as this can be an essential and significant stage in life for a person.
Conclusion
The theory considered is important because it presents a vision for the patient in the vein of providing them with the best possible care for recovery. The metaparadigm is important for the analysis of nursing activities, as it represents the main focus areas of the clinic staff. At the same time, the theorist considers the metaparadigm, with amendments to shift the center towards the restoration of the patient’s ability to self-care. The theory under consideration is relevant in advanced practice roles as it offers up-to-date guidance for nurses.
References
Ali, A. A. (2022). Comparison of two nursing theories Orem’s Theory of Self-Care Deficit & Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory. i-Manager’s Journal on Nursing, 12(2), 34. Web.
Deliktas, A., Korukcu, O., Aydin, R., & Kabukcuoglu, K. (2019). Nursing students’ perceptions of nursing metaparadigms: A phenomenological study. The Journal of Nursing Research, 27(5), e45. Web.
Fawcett, J. (2023). Thoughts about the metaparadigm of nursing: Contemporary status and recommendations for evolution. Nursing Science Quarterly, 36(3), 303-305. Web.
Hartweg, D. L., & Metcalfe, S. A. (2022). Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory: Relevance and need for refinement. Nursing Science Quarterly, 35(1), 70-76. Web.
Rosman, J., Eriksson, J. W., Martinell, M., Olinder, A. L., & Leksell, J. (2022). Individual goal-based plan based on nursing theory for adults with type 2 diabetes and self-care deficits: A study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 12(3). Web.
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