Our bones are harder than granite; they withstand stretching more than steel. Bone structures support the body in an upright position and protect sensitive organs. Healthy bones should be extremely hard, rigid, and at the same time, elastic and very mobile. Bone tissue is alive thanks to the continuous processes of its transformation – the destruction of old and the formation of new bone cells. Osteoporosis, or atrophy of bone tissues, is spoken of if the transformation processes lead to a significant decrease in bone mass and an apparent violation of the microarchitectonics of the bone.
For the effective formation of new bone tissue, the building material is required. Many organs and systems of the body take part in its synthesis: proteins, carbohydrates, minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which give bone density, enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract. The endocrine system regulates metabolism and the intensity of the processes of formation and destruction of bone tissue. Active vitamins are formed in the kidneys, which help construct bones. In addition, nutrition also influences the risk of osteoporosis. The insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D in the body increases. The most affordable source of calcium is dairy products: they must necessarily be included in the diet. It is also necessary to eat soy, green vegetables, and fruits (Srinath et al., 2020). To get enough calcium with food, you will have to consume them in large quantities. For example, drink about a liter of milk a day or eat 600-800 grams of cottage cheese. Therefore, in the presence of osteoporosis or a high risk of its occurrence, one adjustment to the diet is not enough.
In conclusion, bone transformation is an ongoing process: bone tissue is removed, and new tissues are formed. This transformation ensures the viability of tissues and the stability of bones. The bones are weakened; the weakening is reduced bone density. The recovery mechanisms are no longer functioning properly. This disease is dangerous because it does not manifest itself for a long time. Treatment often begins only after a fracture of the femoral neck or spine, fraught with disability. The only way to avoid such problems is through regular monitoring and doctor visits.
Reference
Srinath, P., Abdul Azeem, P., & Venugopal Reddy, K. (2020). Review on calcium silicate‐based bioceramics in bone tissue engineering. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 17(5), 2450-2464.