Alterations in Health (Diagnosis)
Osteoporosis is a bone disease resulting from too little bone synthesis or loss (Sinaki, 2021).
Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem
Idiopathic; affects adults aged 50 and above or results from the effect of any other disorder.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Good diet and exercise can help prevent the disease.
Assessment
Risk Factors
- Sex – women are at a higher risk.
- Age – older people are at higher risk.
- Race – affects more Asians and Caucasians.
- History of the family with the disorder.
Laboratory Tests
The process involves the use of a bone density machine set with low X-rays levels, which measure the amount of minerals available in the patient’s bones.
Expected Findings
At advance stage, the symptoms include:
- Back pain.
- Height loss over time.
- Inclined posture.
- Unusual bone fracture.
Diagnostic Procedures
The mentioned laboratory tests are used as the patient lies on a table. The machine measures the density of spine, hip, or wrist bones. This is a painless procedure conducted on the mentioned bones.
Safety Considerations
Long-term use of oral and injected drugs such as cortisone and prednisone affected bone-rebuilding process, hence can increase chance of developing osteoporosis.
Patient-Centered Care
Nursing Care
Caregivers should ensure that the patients have plenty of foods rich in calcium, protein, and vitamin D, which lower chances of developing osteoporosis.
Therapeutic Procedures
There is the need for more hormonal therapy since the disorder results from low or too much of certain hormones, which cause hormonal imbalance.
Medications
- Denosumab.
- Risedronate.
- Teriparatide.
- Ibandronate.
- Zoledronic acid.
Client Education
At home interventions include:
- Do not smoke.
- Do not take excess alcohol.
- Wear flat or low-heeled shoes.
Interprofessional Care
Patients should get tested from time to time and list any symptoms experienced. In addition, patients should lists all the drugs they have used in the past.
Complications
Sometime spine problems may occur without falls. Spine bones may become weak and crumble.
Related Content
Levels of Prevention, Duty Delegation, Directives:
- Different disorders can affect an individual’s health.
- A person’s diet affects both growth and development.
- There are various healthcare teams specializing in the study nutrition and how it is practiced.
- Use of specific dietary interventions can help prevent certain diseases.
Underlying Principles
Why the Need for Nutrition:
- Various systems of the body contribute to a person’s body health.
- The systems operate in harmony by responding to the neurological system’s directives, which tells the body how to synthesize and nutrients.
- The digestive system is designed to make the body meet its essential nutrients at all the time.
- Poor eating habits or lack of certain foods and nutrients result in poor conditions, including low immunity, aging, fatigue, poor mental functioning, and systems malfunction.
- The body is designed to work effectively when the nutrients are sufficient and able to maintain its functions.
Nursing Interventions
Who? When? Why? How?:
- Nurses should educate patients regarding the need for proper eating habits.
- Educate the public on the importance of eating healthy food.
- Encourage patients to use recommended dietary needs for their bodies.
- Educate the public on the need for using supplements when some of body nutrients are insufficient.
- Educate the public on the need for regular exercise, which to keep the body fit and properly circulated with the necessary materials.
Nutrition is critical to the development of bones, thus can help prevent osteoporosis. While a balanced diet is essential in an overall healthy body, it is also important to have specific foods, which help in synthesizing the skeletal muscle. According to Sinaki (2021), calcium plays the main role in the development of bones. Sinaki (2021) further indicates that adults require 700 milligrams of calcium every day. By having a balanced diet, one should get all the calcium the body needs for strong and healthy bones. The primary sources of calcium include milk and other dairy products, green vegetables, soya beans, nuts, fish, and bread made from fortified flour. However, one should avoid using spinach since it has oxalic acid, which inhibits the calcium absorption into the body. Therefore, nutrition forms a critical elemental of bone development, which prevents osteoporosis.
Reference
Sinaki, M. (2021). Osteoporosis. In Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation (pp. 690-714). Elsevier.