Article 1
In the first article, “Three views of behaviorism” one’s behavior can be viewed from three perspectives to understand it better. These opinions are a synthesis of those expressed in psychology’s academic and scientific literature. The first view is un-self-consciously critical of behaviorism and could be understood as the opinion of a modern psychologist. The second view is that the body is one of the most crucial factors because it serves as a conduit between the individual and the world, while the third is that thinking is a complete and utter behaviorism (Moore, 2013). In conclusion, view 3 is an extreme behaviorism that dismisses the differences between Views 1 and 2 as merely cosmetic, as both are unacceptable because of their mediational and mentalistic tendencies.
Low-level talents are the ones that benefit most from behaviorism in the workplace. Skills like manual work are well-suited to behaviorism because they can be observed directly, unlike the more abstract concepts that psychologists and cognitive scientists focus on. Instructors can show their students how to do something; then they can practice it, get feedback, and finally be expected to do it on their own. The acquisition of behavioral skills does not necessitate significant mental effort on the part of the student. If they have not studied other theories, inexperienced instructional designers generally fall back on behaviorism. As a result, there is a chance that instructional designers who are not well-versed in education theory will not push their students to develop any proficiency beyond the most fundamental levels of behavioral competence.
Article 2
In the second article, “Demonstrating the id, ego and superego,” the ID (primitive, instinctual) and the superego (moral conscience), which mediates between the impulse id and those of the ego, and the ego itself make up Freud’s psychoanalytic theory (Segrist, 2009). While each facet of a person’s personality is unique in its own right, they all contribute to the individual’s actions in proportion. The id is the most profound and primitive aspect of a person’s character. Both the sex (life) instinct (Eros) and the aggressive (death) impulse (Thanatos), colloquially referred to as “the libido,” are present at birth and are inherited (biological) aspects of a person’s personality. We all have a part of our brain called the id responsible for our most primitive instincts, needs, and wants. A newborn has an id personality without ego or superego. Being cut off from the rest of the world, the id remains immature and undeveloped throughout a person’s life. The id is unaffected by logic or facts since it operates below conscious awareness.
Regardless of the consequences, the id will always prioritize satisfying its immediate desires following the pleasure principle. The id operates on the level of primary process reasoning, which is illogical, irrational, and focused on the fantastic. Such an outlook is entirely naive and self-centered, with no basis in reality. In conclusion, the ego connects the id with the outside world as it develops. That portion of a person’s character is responsible for reason, while the id uses chaos and irrationality (Segrist, 2009). Additionally, ego seeks to appease personal desires while minimizing exposure to socially undesirable outcomes; this requires frequent self-denial or postponement. The ego takes into account social norms and normative behavior when making decisions.
Workplace ego clashes are harmful to productivity, morale, and teamwork. When tempers flare at work, leaders must take action to prevent the issue from getting out of hand. Make a plan and stick to it. A new job is a great time to evaluate your tolerance for egos at work and make any necessary adjustments.
Article 3
The article “Father Ppresence and adolescents’ resilience: The mediating role of failure learning” indicated that their fathers’ presence influenced teenagers’ resilience and ability to learn from setbacks. Adolescents benefit psychologically from having a supportive father figure in their lives, and fathers play a crucial role in providing outside help (Yu et al., 2021). The article also lent credence to the idea that the role of failure learning as a mediator between the presence of Chinese fathers and the resilience of their adolescents deserves attention. It emphasized the significance of learning from mistakes in fostering stability in adolescents.
Personal Application of Psychology
Psychology and the Workplace
Studying how people think and act is the focus of psychology. Knowledge of psychology in the workplace helps foster a happy and productive workplace for those involved. Organizational psychology, industrial psychology, and human resource management are just a few of the many workplace applications of psychology. Organizational psychology analyzes how workers influence and are influenced by their immediate surroundings on the job. Knowing how to motivate and manage workers, as well as how to design a productive workplace, can benefit businesses much from this knowledge. The field of industrial psychology analyzes workers’ reactions to and use of technological tools in the workplace. It can teach businesses how to create functional and pleasant workplaces for their employees. Human resource management is the process of overseeing a company’s employees. Several tasks, including staffing, education, and growth, fall under this umbrella. Management of human resources can be utilized to boost productivity and morale in the workplace. The field of study known as “organizational psychology” attempts to answer the question, “How can we make work better for people?” Topics covered include leadership, team dynamics, employee motivation, and job satisfaction.
I would use psychology in my workplace to help improve the connection between workers and employees to boost employee motivation. Many kinds of feedback can be given, from formal annual reviews to more regular, casual observations. For those interested in I/O psychology, the concept of a feedback loop is crucial. Without comments from superiors, workers have no idea where they stand and what they should work on. Additionally, managers require an honest evaluation of the business from their workers. It is not just about quantity when it comes to feedback; managers should be conscious of their interactions with staff. Workers will shut down rather than provide their bosses with the feedback they need to succeed if they are subjected to excessive criticism or punishment. More importantly, intimidating employees is inhumane; they should be handled with compassion and understanding. Workers must see themselves as contributors to the company’s success rather than objects of management’s authority.
Psychology and Parenting
Studying how people think and act is the focus of psychology. It is vital to understand psychology in parenting since it can allow parents to understand their children’s behavior and development. Child psychology, developmental psychology, and family psychology are just a few branches of psychology that might be useful in the parenting realm. Child psychology is the study of children’s behavior and development. It can allow parents to understand better their children’s needs and how to address them. Additionally, parents with a firm grasp of psychological principles tend to be more engaged in their children’s growth and development. Developmental psychology focuses on change and growth throughout a person’s life span.
I would use psychology in my future parenting to make a happy home. The irony of raising children is that they require less of their parents than their parents believe they do. What kids need, though, is crucial: affection, companionship, affirmation, responsibility, exercise, fresh air, and educational and recreational possibilities. I would ensure that my children benefit more from having the freedom to learn from their mistakes and explore new areas. When it comes to the routine obligations of home and school, I will never put their child’s health or safety in danger or tolerate violations of the most fundamental norms of the house.
Psychology and Intimate Relationships
Studying how people think and act is the focus of psychology. Knowing each other’s psychological makeup helps improve communication and intimacy in close partnerships. Interpersonal, social, and counseling psychology are a few branches of psychology that have applications in intimate relationships. The field of research known as “interpersonal psychology” focuses on how individuals connect. It is helpful for couples since it reveals how they typically interact and handle arguments. The field of research known as “social psychology” analyzes how group dynamics can significantly impact individual behavior. Couples can benefit from a deeper comprehension of the social factors at play in their relationship. The counseling psychology field examines interpersonal interactions’ dynamics and how they can be improved. Insight into one another and strategies for overcoming difficulties can be gained.
I can use psychology to determine what I am attracted to since relationship initiation might be difficult. We do not always like individuals for the right reasons. It is essential to ask ourselves some critical questions before getting too deeply connected with someone to avoid making the same mistakes we made in the past. We can start by wondering if we recognize this person from our past. When we are just getting to know someone, it might be challenging to ask these questions, but the truth is that we prefer to choose partners who reinforce our existing worldview. Even if these habits harm us, we tend to repeat them in our romantic relationships since they are comfortable. Rejection as a youngster might lead to a preference for a mysterious partner as an adult. When we were dominated as kids, we may gravitate toward partners who are possessive and demanding as adults.
Understanding our relationship habits and trying to end negative cycles is beneficial. Understanding our history helps us comprehend our current inclinations and passions. It is possible to become aware of the less-than-admirable traits that attract us to a partner and use that knowledge to make more informed decisions about who to spend our time with. Although this shift presents difficulties, it will ultimately result in healthier relationships.
References
Moore, J. (2013). Three views of behaviorism. The Psychological Record, 63(3), 681–692. Web.
Segrist, D. J. (2009). What’s going on in your professor’s head? Demonstrating the id, ego, and superego. Teaching of Psychology, 36(1), 51–54. Web.
Yu, Y., Wei, X., Hisrich, R. D., & Xue, L. (2021). Father presence and adolescents’ resilience: The mediating role of failure learning. Psychological Reports, 125(6), 2865–2878. Web.