Becker, J. C., Kraus, M. W., & Rheinschmidt-Same, M. (2017). Cultural expressions of social class and their implications for group-related beliefs and behaviors. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 158-174.
With the Great Recession, the increasing inequality amplified social-class inequalities amongst individuals in the social order. This study examines how the variations in social class define the inimitable forms of cultural expression and how cultural expressions encourage in-group philosophies. Two studies were conducted to answer the research question. The first study included a sample size of 113 individuals and confirmed that cultural expressions of social class on virtual platforms indicate the social class of targets. This means that the traditional doings of people observed in uploaded Facebook images suggest that people portray their social class in a way that can be observed by strangers that are beyond coincidental security. In the second study, there is evidence that people express their in-group space grounded on social class. As a final point, this study offers evidence that suggests that cultural expression derived from social class has the power to create and establish social boundaries within people. Lower social classes showed the inclination to remain politically inactive. The suggestions of results to theory and practices are that: psychological reactions are linked to social class.
Conceição, S. C., Samuel, A., & Yelich Biniecki, S. M. (2017). Using concept mapping as a tool for conducting research: An analysis of three approaches. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-18.
Researchers in different disciplines practice creative methods to study areas of investigation. Thus, the literature review studies the use of concept maps as a research instrument. The study also includes an all-encompassing definition of “concept mapping.” The study employed three key methodologies to research the use of concept maps. These leading methods include cluster, relational, and word frequency. The approaches are useful in that they are used in various stages of the research process, like data analysis, gathering, and presentation. Each of the three approaches discussed some of the strengths and weaknesses that researchers have to take into consideration.
Davies, M. (2011). Concept mapping, mind mapping and argument mapping: What are the differences and do they matter?. Higher Education, 62(3), 279-301.
In current years, educators and scholars have employed use of software mapping tools for educational purposes. The tools are to impact analytical and critical skills to scholars, thus enabling them to see the association between concepts and the alternative assessment methods. This paper provides a framework of the various tools, together with their benefits and drawbacks. The main argument is that the choice of mapping is dependent on the purpose or objective for which the tools are used. The only limitation is that the tools may be converging to offer instructors and scholars unrealistic and complementary functions.
Destin, M., Rheinschmidt-Same, M., & Richeson, J. A. (2017). Status-based identity: A conceptual approach integrating the social psychological study of socioeconomic status and identity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(2), 270-289.
The psychosomatic research on “Socioeconomic Status” (SES) has increased over the past era. The article builds upon and incorporates prevailing methods to focus more thoughtfulness on examining the idiosyncratic value and connotation that individuals use to attach to understanding their SES as a personality. Drawing from various research areas, it is suggested that the transitory changes in how people interpret their status individualities predict variations in behavior, thought, and motivations. The main emphasis of the article is to study the psychosomatic impacts of prominence change. A new measure is introduced in assessing an individual’s doubt regarding their SES. There are no evident limitations to the study, and its implications are that it extends the literature on socioeconomic status dimensions. The conclusion obtained from the research is that the construction of a person’s identity influences their thoughts and behaviors.
Delgadillo Asaria, Ali, & Gilbody, (2016). On poverty, politics and psychology: The socioeconomic gradient of mental healthcare utilisation and outcomes.
Ever since 2008, the “improving access to psychological therapy” (IAPT) program has distributed evidence-based intermediations for anxiety and depression disorders. To uphold the expected canons of quality, the England government policies have set the expectations that 50 percent of cured patients must meet the recovery principles based on patient-reported result methods. Using data from IAPT, it was discovered that mental health is more prevalent in poor regions, and such areas have low recovery rates. There is a limitation of this work that it is limited to England. However, it clarifies the lack of access to psychotherapy for treating anxiety and depression.
Epping, J., Muschik, D. & Geyer, S. (2017). Social inequalities in the utilization of outpatient psychotherapy: Analyses of registry data from German statutory health insurance. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 1-8.
The majority of the studies conducted focus on the occurrence of illnesses. However, very little is recognized about disparities in the usage of psychological health services. The purpose of this paper is to examine societal disparities in the use of casualty treatment in the healthcare system. The main influencing factors are low monetary barriers to health and the absence of health guidelines to address the availability of treatment services. A sample size of 10,711 males and females with psychotherapy was selected. The method used was the logistic regression analysis. This was done to investigate the impact of the three socioeconomic (SES) indicators on psychotherapy use. The main findings were that psychoanalysis by SES did not match the social construction of the population covered.
Ford, Lam, John, & Mauss (2018). The psychological health benefits of accepting negative emotions and thoughts: Laboratory, diary, and longitudinal evidence.
People vary in the way in which they are inclined to assent their thoughts and emotions without criticizing them habitually. This practice is referred to as characteristic approval. Acceptance has often been associated with mental health, which may be due to the part acceptance plays in adverse emotional reactions. This study hypothesizes that acceptance assists people in reacting to negative mental experiences. To test this hypothesis, three studies were performed. The first study confirmed that consistently accepting psychological experiences generally projected mental health. In the second study, routine acceptance low negative emotional response to unvarying stressors. Finally, in the third study, it was found that acceptance projected low negative emotions during day-to-day stressors. The limitation of the study is that the sample size used was small. The conclusion drawn from the study is that mental acceptance proved to help reduce negative responses and stressors.
Khazaie, Rezaie, Shahdipour & Weaver (2016). Exploration of the reasons for dropping out of psychotherapy: A qualitative study.
The study aims at exploring the reason why patients drop from psychotherapy in Kermanshah, Iran. The method used in the study is conventional content analysis. The study sample comprised 15 participants, 7 who dropped out of psychotherapy, and 8 who have experienced patient dropout. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, and content analysis was done for the transcribed interviews. The results showed distinct causes for psychotherapy to dropout amongst the participants. The limitations of the study are that the sample size is very small, and the study is limited to one geographic location.
Neblett Jr, E. W., Bernard, D. L., & Banks, K. H. (2016). The moderating roles of gender and socioeconomic status in the association between racial discrimination and psychological adjustment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 23(3), 385-397.
Racism-related stress created a major risk to the perceptual functioning of most African American youth in their shift to maturity. Both social and personal factors impact the relationship between mental health functioning and racism-associated stress. Therefore, the study tested the balance of sex roles and SES in the relationship between depression indicators, social sensitivity, and anxiety. The method used to analyze data in regression analysis showed that males from low SES and females from high SES were more susceptible to racial discernment. The limitations of the study include the sample size being small and the study context being limited to African Americans. In the implications for practice, research, and theory, the study proposes cognitive-behavioral mediations for informing assessment and assisting patients.
Villatoro, Mays, Ponce, & Aneshensel (2018). Perceived need for mental health care: The intersection of race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status.
Ethnic/race minority populations underutilized mental health services. Through the use of “collaborative psychiatric epidemiology surveys,” an analysis of how race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender influenced the perceived need was undertaken. The representative sample size analyzed included Asian Americans, African Americas, Afro-Caribbeans, and Latinos. The logistic regression. Lastly, foreign-born immigrants have low perceived needs compared to American-born people. The results are that income and education are considered the key factors that influence patients to reduce their need for receiving treatment. The limitation of the study is that it is focused on the American context.