The topic of racism is broad because it communicates the discriminative aspects of skin color and the prejudice of identity in society based on the frameworks of marginalization. William Roy and Bell Hooks are among the contributors to the controversial debate about racism. Although Roy and Hooks’s approaches to the concept differ, the writers share a common foundation for describing the phenomenon. The cross-examination of the main ideas in Hooks and Roy’s texts simplify the understanding of the terminology and the practice of racism in the community today.
Making Societies: The Historical Construction of Our World exposes readers to the realities of social construction and the history of time. However, chapter 4 is specific about racism and the practical categories of the distinct characteristics of human beings based on color orientation. Roy (75) concentrates on the paradox of race and reminds his audiences of the history of racism and the obstacles faced in the fight against racism. The writer argues that race is the inherent part of an individual and is treated as one’s essence (Roy 76). In addition, Roy demonstrates his understanding of the pre-racial to racial categories on pages 81-84; the primary lesson gained from the section involved the classification of races based on reflexivity and intersections. The world has never existed without racism because the ideology of race is a social construction and not a biological concept (Roy 87). The book section ends with an explanation of the history of whiteness and how it contributes to the growth of racism in African American communities.
Killing Rage: Ending Racism journal also contains sensitive information about race but focuses on comparing White Supremacy and Black pain in the cruel world. The writer of the text talks about class cruelty in the article through the lens of political resistance and stresses that capitalism is the main enemy towards the attainment of black liberation (Hooks 164). Moreover, the integrity of Black womanhood makes sense to readers in discussing feminism. The author reminds her audience that feminism is a “black problem” and further states that the struggle against the fight of racism began with the degradation of black womanhood by white supremacists (Hooks.77). Lastly, the topic about the beloved community on page 263 empowers readers to gain knowledge and skills about racism and the creation of anti-racial societies. Hooks (263) persuades her readers to erase the imaginations of racial differences to achieve a world without racism. The idea in the article concentrates on ending race-oriented wars and hostility.
Roy’s book aligns with Hooks’s article analyzing racism and the components that spur hatred among Blacks and Whites. The resources acknowledge the impacts of white supremacy on the spread of racism in both instances. On the one hand, Hooks (184) echoes that white supremacy has been the oldest terminology used to discriminate and exploit people of color. On the other hand, Roy (76) adopts a white supremacy framework in describing the process of social construction; according to the piece, the identity of people as whites and Blacks originates from the intersection of people based on skin color. The writings isolate white supremacy as the primary enemy towards the end of racism. The disadvantages linked to the conceptualization of people based on their social problems adopts the policy of white supremacy contained in Roy and Hooks’s works. However, Roy (97) disagrees with Hooks’s opinion that class and modification of community markets racism in American society. Instead, the researcher believes that the pre-racial categories inspired hatred among the minority and majority groups in the U.S.
In summary, Roy and Hooks share a similar concept about racism, but they express their ideas differently. The debate on black intellectuals and political bonding impacts Hooks’s work because it provides solutions to the challenges of self-determination among Blacks. At the same time, Roy’s book unfolds the secrets to attaining inclusive societies. The title of the book connects readers to the understanding of anti-racial societies and intensifies the discussion on whiteness and the disadvantages of intersections of communities today
Works Cited
Hooks, Bell. “Killing Rage: Ending Racism.” Choice Reviews Online, vol. 33, no. 07, 1996, pp. 163–272, Web.
Roy, William G. Making Societies: The Historical Construction of Our World. Pine Forge Press, 2001.