Henry, N., Flynn, A., & Powell, A. (2018). Policing image-based sexual abuse: Stakeholder perspectives. Police practice and research, 19(6), 565-581.
The non-consensual recording, dissemination, or threat of releasing nude or sexual photos is called image-based sexual abuse (IBSA). Numerous countries have changed their criminal laws over the last five years to address this expanding phenomenon, although increasing criminalization has not always resulted in more prosecutions. This paper investigates law enforcement reactions to IBSA in Australia using stakeholder interviews with 52 Australian legal and policy experts, domestic and sexual assault activists, industry leaders, police, and academics. Therefore, even though evidence indicates that police are taking IBSA more seriously, there are five main obstacles to responding to IBSA, including varying legal requirements, a lack of resources, restrictions on the admissibility of evidence, jurisdictional limits, and victim-blaming or harm minimization attitudes. This article is current and reliable since it is a peer-reviewed journal and the authors are experts in the criminology and social justice field. Admittedly, this educative piece will be important in the study since it helps the researcher understand how IBSA affects society. Additionally, it highlights the obstacles that limit attempts to punish sexual assault criminals.
Banerjee, S. (2020). Identifying factors of sexual violence against women and protecting their rights in Bangladesh. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 52, 101384.
Since it perpetuates women’s subordination and patriarchal institutions at all societal levels, sexual violence against women is recognized as a violation of gender-specific human rights. Given the prevalence of sexual assault against women, Bangladeshi policymakers focus more on protecting women’s rights. Identifying the causes of sexual assault against women in Bangladesh is the next goal of this essay. The paper describes women’s obstacles in accessing the court system today. The author also shows the social and psychological effects of sexual assault victims. The article contains current information since it was published within the last five years. Additionally, it is reliable since the author is a professor in the criminology and police Science department in Bangladesh. This journal will be useful in understanding the effects of sexual assaults on victims. Hence, it will help determine the type of punishments that should be applied to sexual assault criminals.
Foster, P. J., & Fullagar, C. J. (2018). Why don’t we report sexual harassment? An application of the theory of planned behavior. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 40(3), 148-160.
According to the study, a person’s propensity to report a case of hostile environment sexual harassment was predicted by their views about the activity, normative beliefs, and perceived behavioral control. There was no difference in reporting hostile environment sexual harassment by gender, even though women expressed a stronger intention to do so. The hypothesis of planned conduct as a model for anticipating a person’s choice to report sexual harassment is supported by our findings. These results guide the creation of policies, processes, and training programs to make incident reporting easier. The article is current and reliable since it is a peer-reviewed journal authored by experts in the criminology field. The source will be useful since it will help the researcher evaluate the reasons why people fail to report sexual harassment cases. This information is crucial in understanding what types of punishments are suitable for sexual assault criminals.
Horton, A. (2022). Sexual assault in the military continues to rise despite efforts to reverse it. The Washington Post.
The author of a Washington Post article titled “Sexual assault in the military continues to climb despite attempts to reverse” focuses on this problem. The author’s conclusion that the situation is out of control is one of the important ones. In 2021, there were 13% more instances of sexual assault than in 2020 (Horton, 2022). Regarding the problem of sexual assault, the piece includes several expert statements, including those from the Pentagon. Experts cite commander conduct as one of the primary causes why such instances go unresolved. As a result, there are more instances of sexual assault, and people have less faith in leaders. I will use a case that happened to a close family member as an example of a real-life scenario. This situation is comparable to the one discussed in the Washington Post article, which led to mistrust in the ruling class and its repercussions. Her biological father, who was in the military, sexually molested this family member.
The post is current and reliable since it is from a trusted news website. This article will be crucial in answering the research question since it is paramount to understand the available punishments and how they have been received. It also highlights the challenges that hinder the successful elimination of sexual assaults. With this information, the researcher can propose possible punishments for sexual harassment criminals.
Waldron, R. J., Quarles, C. L., McElreath, D. H., Waldron, M. E., & Milstein, D. E. (2017). The criminal justice system: An introduction, (5th ed.). CRC Press.
Introduction to the Criminal Justice System, the fifth edition of this textbook, keeps the fundamental structure of earlier editions while including the most recent advancements in the subject. The book travels chronologically through the various criminal justice systems, including the police, prosecutors, courts, and prisons, including probation and parole. Additionally, expertise from the criminal justice sector can assist stop numerous tactics for hiding the crime in the story in The Washington Post and the actual occurrence. The number of sexual assault cases in the US military will decline with thorough investigation and just punishment. Applying the judicial system will also reestablish trust in the executive and military branches. The information in the book is relevant and reliable in addressing the research question. To propose well-grounded punishments, it is essential to understand the available criminal justice systems and facilities. In most cases, sexual assault crimes are hidden due to fear and lack of a supportive system. Therefore, the content in this book will help the researcher assess what punishments can best overcome the possible barriers.