Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology Stadium Project Case Study

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary
Scope Management Plan
Work Breakdown Structure
Project Constraints
Time Management
Resource Requirements
Cost Management
Human Resource Management
Risk Management
Works Cited

Executive Summary

This is a design project for Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology, UAE. The construction of the stadium is ordered by the government, and the estimated time of completion is August 2018. The following project covers the scope management plan, work breakdown structure, project constraints, time management issues, resource and cost requirements, human resource management, and risk management.

Scope Management Plan

Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology have long since required a stadium to practice sports and conduct sports competitions of various kinds between faculties and other colleges. Sport promotes healthy living, teamwork, physical prowess, and contributes to the prosperity and well-being of the nation. Simultaneously, sporting competitions have high entertainment value, especially in the UAE, where many sports are spectated and practiced. Simultaneously, Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology does not have a stadium of their own to practice sports. Our group is tasked with providing a project outline for the construction of the stadium and a plan for its completion. The deadline for the project is at the end of August 2018.

As any stadium requires to be dedicated to a specific sport, this one will be dedicated to soccer. Soccer is considered to be the most popular sport in the UAE and Sharjah specifically. The sport became popularized in the country after 1971 and the establishment of the United Arab Emirates Football Association (“Sports”). Ever since the sport’s popularity grew, and now it is played on both professional, semi-professional, and amateur levels. Thus, dedicating the stadium to soccer is the best choice.

Quantifiable objectives for this project include providing a Work Breakdown Structure, outlining project constraints, activity lists with dependencies, network plans, time plans, resource plans, cost management assignments, human resource management, and responsibility assignments, as well as a risk management plan. The report will be delivered in digital and paper versions and would include MS project charts and a Powerpoint presentation.

The deliverables for this project include finding the correct location for the stadium to be built on, the preparation of the field (which consists of the installation of all game-related equipment and markings around the specific areas), the construction of the spectator places (which includes their design, construction, and safety inspection). The project is expected to end with a grand opening of the stadium.

Work Breakdown Structure

Project management branch.

№	WBS Name	WBS Description	Cost (USD)
1	Planning	The planning phase of the project, during which the team is assembled, objectives are identified, and responsibilities are assigned to key personnel. In addition, all the required documentation is identified and prepared. This report is part of the planning phase.	10.000
2	Cost management	Cost management stands for identification of costs and expenses, procurement operations, financial operations, banking operations, fundraising, and all related tasks.	60.000
3	Scope management	A set of processes to ensure that the project’s scope is defined and mapped accurately. It allows the managers to control the flow of the work and ensure the deliverables for the project are followed.	10.000
4	Office administration	Expenditures required for the administration, operation, and maintenance of office facilities for the duration of the project. These include renting the spaces, phone, and electrical bills, providing fully-stacked workplaces, office equipment, etc.	150.000
5	Project communications	The project communications plan stands for a complicated approach to providing the stakeholders with information about the project.	20.000
6	Human Resources	The human resource department is tasked with finding and working with the personnel required for the completion of the project. They must ensure that the hired personnel is qualified for the task.	200.000
7	Stadium facilities planning	This part of the project includes designing the stadium and planning out the work process for the duration of the construction. It is a complex task with many variables, including construction design, resource plan, working schedules, construction vehicle rotations, etc.	200.000
8	Risk management	Risk management involves identifying various risks that may endanger, delay, or even ruin the project, as well as devising and installing countermeasures to prevent such incidents from occurring.	150.000
9	Procurement management	Procurement management involves finding the necessary products, materials, tools, and services needed for the completion of the project, and ensuring their timely delivery to the construction site.	200.000
10	Quality management	Quality management involves control over the quality of work at all stages of planning and construction processes.	200.000

Total: 1,190,000 USD.

Stadium construction branch.

№	WBS Name	WBS Description	Cost (USD)
1	Clearing the site	The first stage of any construction process involves clearing the construction site of any trees, debris, or temporary structures placed in there. This stage also involves removing the upper layer of the ground in order to reveal the subsurface, which is located at about 40 cm depth beyond the ground level.	200.000
2	Subsurface drainage	Subsurface drainage involves the creation of drainage outlets around the perimeter of the construction site, including main drains and laterals. This is done to ensure that the construction site would not be flooded during rain.	250.000
3	Filling the playing field	Underneath the playing field are a multi-layered sandwich of crushed stone, compressed sand, geotextile, and heating system pipelines.	450.000
4	Playing turf installation	This portion of construction involves planting the grass seeds, installing water supply systems in order to facilitate the grass growth, and installing all sport-related facilities.	150.000
5	Excavation	Before the construction of the spectator galleries, they must be supplied with a proper footing in order to withstand the pressure that will be applied unto them. The foundations are placed underneath the structure and require excavation to be placed.	200.000
6	Concrete footing installation	Providing a strong foundation for the spectator galleries is paramount to ensure the safety of the visitors. Typically, stadiums have monolithic foundations that offer the most stability and resistance against vertical pressure.	450.000
7	The seat gallery supports the installation.	Galleries are to be placed on supports that would hold them in place and relay all the pressure towards the foundation. Typically, these supports are made out of concrete or steel beams.	450.000
8	Erecting pre-cast galleries	Installing pre-cast galleries unto the gallery supports is the next stage of construction. These galleries are made out of slabs of concrete produced on a factory and hauled to the construction site via trucks.	450.000
9	Seat casts poured	Seat places can be made on the construction site by pouring concrete into precast forms.	250.000
10	Steel support structure for the roof	Having a roof is paramount to a stadium, as the roof protects the audience from the sun, rain, and snow. These supports are commonly made out of steel beams.	450.000
11	Erection of the roof	Installation of the roof unto the steel support structure.	250.000
12	Dressing room construction	Small facilities for the competitors to change and prepare for the competition. Typically include showers.	300.000
13	Seats painting and installation	Installation and painting of the seats on the seat casts.	50.000
14	Lights and electrical outfitting	Installation of lights to illuminate the field, the spectator stands, as well as lights inside dressing rooms, restrooms, etc.	150.000
15	Scoreboard, commentator’s booth, etc.	Exactly what it says on the tin.	50.000

Total: 4,050,000 USD.

Project Constraints

The premise of the case study states only one constraint for the project, which is time – the stadium is expected to be fully operational by the end of August 2018. However, it is safe to assume that the project will have a finite budget is another constraint. Lastly, the presence and price for organized construction labor, the availability of materials and construction equipment, as well as the availability of land and the location of the stadium, would impose additional constraints that would need to be planned around.

In this scenario, however, time constraints impose resource constraints. Had time not been limited, it would have been possible to accomplish the task and construct the stadium employing a minimum amount of workers over a more extended period of time (“Constraints”). In order to overcome the time constraints, it will be required to employ more construction workers and hasten the working process. That way, the stadium would be completed by the deadline.

Another constraint imposed on the project lies in materials and financial resources (“Constraints”). As we assume the number of resources spent on this project by the government is finite, it is paramount to optimize the number of construction workers at hand, their working schedules, as well as the supply and resource schedules. That would allow saving both time and money, as with adequate planning and intense working schedules that lack or have minimized downtimes, it is possible to complete the project with fewer expenditures on resources, transportation, warehousing, and labor.

External constraints on the project could potentially include the lack of a qualified workforce and materials to accomplish this project (“Constraints”). However, the possibility of these constraints to become relevant is unlikely, as Sharjah is the third largest and third most populous city in the UAE, with a large market of construction services.

Time Management

№	Activity Name	Activity description	Duration
1	Clearing the site	The first stage of any construction process involves clearing the construction site of any trees, debris, or temporary structures placed in there. This stage also involves removing the upper layer of the ground in order to reveal the subsurface.	8
2	Subsurface drainage	Subsurface drainage involves the creation of drainage outlets around the perimeter of the construction site, including main drains and laterals. This is done to ensure that the construction site would not be flooded during rain.	8
3	Filling the playing field	Underneath the playing field are a multi-layered sandwich of crushed stone, compressed sand, geotextile, and heating system pipelines.	14
4	Playing turf installation	This portion of construction involves planting the grass seeds, installing water supply systems in order to facilitate the grass growth, and installing all sport-related facilities.	12
5	Excavation	Before the construction of the spectator galleries, they must be supplied with a proper footing in order to withstand the pressure that will be applied unto them. The foundations are placed underneath the structure and require excavation to be placed.	4
6	Concrete footing installation	Providing a strong foundation for the spectator galleries is paramount to ensure the safety of the visitors. Typically, stadiums have monolithic foundations that offer the most stability and resistance against vertical pressure.	4
7	The seat gallery supports the installation.	Galleries are to be placed on supports that would hold them in place and relay all the pressure towards the foundation. Typically, these supports are made out of concrete or steel beams.	12
8	Erecting pre-cast galleries	Installing pre-cast galleries unto the gallery supports is the next stage of construction. These galleries are made out of slabs of concrete produced on a factory and hauled to the construction site via trucks.	13
9	Seat casts poured	Seat places can be made on the construction site by pouring concrete into precast forms.	4
10	Steel support structure for the roof	Having a roof is paramount to a stadium, as the roof protects the audience from the sun, rain, and snow. These supports are commonly made out of steel beams.	4
11	Erection of the roof	Installation of the roof unto the steel support structure.	8
12	Dressing room construction	Small facilities for the competitors to change and prepare for the competition. Typically include showers.	4
13	Seats painting and installation	Installation and painting of the seats on the seat casts.	3
14	Lights and electrical outfitting	Installation of lights to illuminate the field, the spectator stands, as well as lights inside dressing rooms, restrooms, etc.	5
15	Scoreboard, commentator’s booth, etc.	Exactly what it says on the tin.	4

Resource Requirements

The resources required for stadium construction vary in their nature and could be classified into different subgroups. These groups are (“Resources”):

Construction materials – these include concrete, cement, sand, brick, steel armature, waterproofing materials, steel beams, electrical equipment, paint, and other materials required for the construction of the stadium and the spectator stands.
Construction mechanisms – these include all kinds of construction machinery used for lifting, digging, and transportation of construction materials. The examples of construction mechanisms required for this project include excavators, cranes, hauling trucks, graders, concrete mixers, and ground compactors.
Handheld tools and equipment – these include brushes, shovels, hammers, masonry trowels, wheelbarrows, vibrators, chisels, saws, line levels, drills, ladders, measuring boxes, putty knives, and other equipment used by workers during construction.
Stadium field-related materials and equipment – as the stadium’s surface will be covered with grass; these materials include grass seeds, soul fertilizers, sprinklers, gardening tools, etc. Other materials and equipment are related to the sport and have plastic seats, marking materials, soccer gates, nets, flags, banners, and other related items.

Cost Management

№	Process Name	Resource demands (USD)
1	Clearing the site	200.000
2	Subsurface drainage	250.000
3	Filling the playing field	450.000
4	Playing turf installation	150.000
5	Excavation	200.000
6	Concrete footing installation	450.000
7	Seat gallery supports installation	450.000
8	Erecting pre-cast galleries	450.000
9	Seat casts poured	250.000
10	Steel support structure for the roof	450.000
11	Erection of the roof	250.000
12	Dressing room construction	300.000
13	Seats painting and installation	50.000
14	Lights and electrical outfitting	150.000
15	Scoreboard, commentator’s booth, etc.	50.000

According to the WBS, the total expenditures for the construction part of the project is estimated at 4,050,000 USD. The following chart was created using the Gantt chart and resource requirements for each process to evaluate financial demands for each week. As it is possible to see in the diagram, the highest demand for financial resources happens between 17-20 weeks, peaking at 728600 USD per week.

Human Resource Management

*Company Organizational Breakdown Structure.*

This is a standard organizational chart for a construction project. The key stakeholders here are the project manager, purchasing manager, engineer manager (chief engineer), HR director, financial director, and Marketing director. The type of organizational structure used for this project is the functional structure, where every portion of the organization is grouped according to its purpose. It is an efficient structure that requires very little in terms of maintenance and is standard for many construction companies (Lohrey).

Types of communication channels (“Communication”):

Formal written
Informal written
Formal verbal
Informal verbal.

Number of communication channels = [N x (N-1)] / 2 = [27 x 26]/2 = 351.

Risk Management

Risk management is a very important part of the construction process, as there are many potential factors that may hamper or outright ruin the project, depending on the severity of the risk. Identifying these risks, developing risk management plans, and identifying the risk owners is paramount to safeguarding the results of the project and minimizing potential damage, should any of these risks ever occur.

Construction risks could be split into six categories (Menard):

Technical risks. These risks include the possibility of damaging the material, equipment, chances of trauma among the workers, improper design and planning, improper site investigation, and changes to project scope and requirements. Counteracting these risks is usually done through a thorough inspection of the construction process before, during, and after the completion of the project. As all construction processes are conducted by subcontractors, the responsibility for any accidents and associated risks lie on them. In order to account for any potential delays, the project’s estimated completion time must be set 2-3 months before the deadline.
Logistical risks. These risks account for any delays or damage to the materials and equipment during transportation. To account for this, the construction site must always have a surplus of materials and equipment in order to continue work despite the delays. Otherwise, the project risks facing unexpected downtimes. In this scenario, the suppliers are the risk owners.
Environmental risks and Force Majeure. These types of risks account for bad weather patterns, rainstorms, drought, cold, as well as major accidents of environmental or technogenic nature, such as floods, fires, and earthquakes. Flame extinguishers and proper safety protocols and measures should protect the construction site from any related incidents. Should an accident occur, the responsibility lies on the safety organization detail.
Management-related risks. These risks usually stem from ineffective management and labor organization, which leads to delays, unexpected downtimes, accidents, and general prolongation of the construction process. This happens if the managers and coordinators of the project are not sufficiently skilled in conducting the operations they were assigned. Counteracting these risks would involve high-quality planning of the processes and efficient work of the HR department, as they are responsible for hiring new employees.
Financial risks. These risks include changes in inflation, local taxation, prices for materials, tools, equipment, and other related factors. They can significantly inflate the overall price of the project. However, since the stadium construction project is funded and covered by the government, it is likely for them to cover for any external financial risks.
Socio-political risks. Social and political activity on a local level may significantly hamper the completion of the project. If the stadium is to be constructed in a densely populated area of the city, it may cause protests against the construction due to noise and construction debris. It would require written approval from the occupants of adjacent houses and apartment blocks to begin the construction.

For this project, prioritized risks would include technical risks as in risks of damage to the construction, the equipment, and trauma-associated risks, logistical risks, and environmental risks.

Works Cited

“Constraints in Construction Projects.” Designing buildings. 2017. Web.

“Communication Channels Made Simple.” PMC Champion. 2013. Web.

Lohrey, Jackey. “Organizational Structure of a Construction Company.” Chron. Web.

Menard, Shannon. “The Types of Risk in Construction Project.” eSub. 2017. Web.

“Resources in Construction Projects.” Steel Deck. Web.

“Sports in the United Arab Emirates.” Ten Guide. Web.

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