There is a myriad of acts which social scientists have failed to answer. Participation in elections and charity acts are examples of those negligible acts. Every time the elections are called in a country, the populace will always queue to cast their votes. The justification is that, when a candidate is voted, some of their quests will be answered. The reason voters act in consort is supported by the voter model. Camerer, et al (2005 p.50) this theory is supported by other studies and is used to explain some social and economic phenomena. (Hereford & Shuetrim 2000)
For instance, the relevance of material respects in regional based organizations that believes in a particular opinion. (Feddersen & Sandroni 2009) Other scholars measured this in the laboratory to gauge the relevance of the warm glow theory in voter opinion. Gul & Pesendorfer (2005 p.67) the warm glow theory effect has not attracted students interest as compared to the opinion movers and voters theory. (Green& Hojman, 2007)
Despite the acceptance of the latter, other scholars still argue that the succinct acceptance approach to treat the issues is still lacking. (Kalai & Rubinstein, 2002)
This paper will discuss how the warm glow theory relates to the charitable acts among the students. The research will adopt descriptive design for easy documentation and presentation of results. Manzini & Mariotti (2007 p. 1835) study will benefit a myriad of players in education sector, especially those who are interested in understanding the behavior of students. (Wenar & Pogge 2011) The research question will be ‘Interrogating the place that the warm glow theory has in the charitable initiatives of university students?’
The understanding of some social acts has been whopping trepidation to a number of professionals globally. Warm glow theory for instance, has been related to a number of acts. This paper will focus its discussion on how it relates to charitable initiatives amongst university students (Andreoni 1995)
The study will be more gender based, i.e. why female students may be more charitable than female students in school context. In analysing and understanding the study, the paper will adopt the following hypotheses;
Women are more likely to donate and participate in charitable activities than men because of warm glow theory. (Ok & Ortoleva, 2008)
Students who donate and participate in charitable activities are not affected by the warm glow theory.
Warm glow theory partially affects the donation ability amongst students.
Research Plan, Methods and Techniques
Study design
The paper will adopt quantitative technique to get information from the participants. A structured questionnaire will be presented to them with twenty questions. A quantitative research technique is defined as the application of mathematical or computational techniques to investigate social phenomena. It gives vivid information in addressing research questions. (Creswell 2009)
Advantages of Quantitative research
It reduces personal biases which is associated with the qualitative technique.
The ability to apply mean, variance and standard deviation makes it possible for the replication of data.
Accuracy and objectivity is enhanced.
Disadvantages
The data only provides numerical information, therefore an in depth understanding is not taken into consideration.
Participants and sampling
The paper applied structured questionnaire to help probe participants. Simple random sampling technique was applied. Sample can be defined as the elected unit of respondents in the survey. The paper projected about 20 participants to participate in the survey. This was supposedly enough censuses to represent the entire population. Sample is the subset of the participants who are picked from the entire population to participate in the study.
The structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from the public. Besides, secondary data was collected to build on the literature. Information was collected from the historical data and findings which have been published in various academic journals. The paper also applied discourse and content analysis to ensure that the information that was presented was in line with current theories. Finally, structural analysis was applied to ensure that the biometric information provided is related with the qualitative information. (Manzini & Mariotti, 2007)
Data collection
Data was collected using a structured questionnaire as presented above. The questionnaire contained questions on the demographics and the survey proper which intended to address questions in the survey. Each and every participant was given between 5-7 minutes to answer the questions. Data was then collected and presented for analysis. Before the researcher gathers information from the participant, all the ethical documents was presented to the respondent to ensure that he/ she understands the nature of study and approves his/ her participation. The data will then be analysed and recommendations will be presented to the university research committee.
Ethical Implications
The paper appreciates that the rights of respondents should be upheld. Some of the drafted ethical documents that will be presented includes; letter of introduction, verbal script and the consent letters. It is important that respondents are made aware of their freedom to withdraw from the study. The researcher will also been informed that their personal information will not be used during the publication of the documents. At the same time, they were informed that, their will be no direct benefit after participation. Finally, the participants must be made aware that their withdrawal from the study will not affect the results.
References
Andreoni,J 1995 Warm-glow versus cold prickle: the effects of positive and negative framing on cooperation in experiments, Social Systems Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Camerer, et al 2005, ‘Neuroeconomics: How Neuroscience Can Inform Economics’, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XLIII, p 50.
Creswell, J 2009 Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, Los Angeles, Sage.
Feddersen T & Sandroni, A 2009, The Foundations of Warm-Glow Theory. Web.
Green, J & Hojman, D 2007, Choice, Rationality and Welfare Measurement, Harvard University, Harvard.
Gul, F. and W. Pesendorfer, M 2005, The Case for Mindless Economics, University of London, Queen Mary.
Hereford, N & Shuetrim, G 2000 Using simple and stratified sampling methods to improve percentile estimates in the context of risk measurement, Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, Sydney.
Kalai, G., A. Rubinstein, & Spiegler, R 2002, ‘Rationalizing Choice Functions by Multiple Rationales,” Econometrica, Vol 70 (6), pp. 2481-2488.
Manzini, P & Mariotti,M 2007, Boundedly Rational Choice, Cycles, and Menu Effects: Theory and Experimental Evidence, University of London. Queen Mary.
Manzini, P & Mariotti, M 2007 ‘Sequentially Rationalizable Choice’, American Economic Review, Vol 97-5, pp. 1824-1839.
Ok, E., P. Ortoleva, S and Riella, G 2008, Rational Choice with Endogenous Reference Points, University of London. Queen Mary.
Wenar, L Pogge T, Illingworth, T 2011. Giving well: the ethics of philanthropy. Oxford University Press, Oxford.