The visual analysis of a painting is highly effective in understanding its central idea. When creating paintings, artists most often use elements of art such as line, shape, form, color, space, texture, and basic principles of design like balance, contrast, harmony. This paper aims to make a visual analysis of The Annunciation by Hans Memling, providing a unique view of how the painter applied elements of art and design principles.
The painting I am going to analyze is The Annunciation by Hans Memling, 1480–89, 76.5 x 54.6 cm, oil on panel, transferred to canvas, currently held in Robert Lehman Collection. Here, Hans Memling depicted the moment when the Virgin Mary learns that she will become the mother of the Messiah. The faces of Mary and the angels are illuminated by a gentle and soft light that also shines on the flask with clear water, symbolizing Mary’s innocence. Angels support the maiden, helping her cope with emotions. The artist used two sets of contrasting colors, creating dynamics of the image. A traditional red and gold coverlet is thrown over Gabriel’s shoulders and indicates the life path of Jesus Christ. The maroon bed behind Mary also shows her future suffering, whereas the muted violet and soft lilac robes of the virgin speak of her present serenity.
Maria’s face is the focal point of the painting, as well as the whole figure of the virgin. Thus, the artist applies asymmetrical balance, since the center of the composition is shifted to the right. Mary, with the angels, and Gabriel balance each other, and this balance creates a feeling of harmony and unity. The artist uses soft brush strokes to create an austere but solemn atmosphere. Distinct values and textures convey sufficient dynamics to the painting. The figures of the angels, despite their restraint, look decisive because their wings resonate with the image of a flying dove directly above Mary’s head. In general, the picture conveys a joyful and solemn mood, thanks to the abundance of daylight pouring from the window, and fresh flowers in the foreground.