Primarily, recognizing a situation that has occurred already creates an ethical situation and can be considered the first step. When a situation involves serious harm and violates moral standards, it is likely to be considered ethical. The second step would be judging what the ethical course of action is. This step is about moral reasoning and applying moral standards to the information that was gathered. It also requires realizing that information about a certain situation may be distorted by one’s perception and biased opinions. The third step is deciding to do the ethical course of action. The decision to do what is considered ethical can be influenced by people’s surroundings. There is also such thing as moral seduction — it is generated by organizations to create pleasures that lead people to make decisions that they know are wrong. Lastly, the fourth step is carrying out the decision to the situation. In the end, people’s strengths and weaknesses make the decision for them. It is important to control your actions and your mind in order to make an ethical decision.
What is the difference between a negative and a positive right?
The most common classification of human rights is the division of all rights into negative and positive rights. Negative rights determine the obligations of the government and other people to refrain from certain actions in relation to the individual. They protect the person from the violation of their freedom. These rights are considered fundamental, absolute; their implementation does not depend on the resources of the state or the level of socio-economic development of the country. In contrast to negative rights, positive rights record the obligations of the governments, persons, and organizations to provide a citizen with certain benefits. The nature of the positive right is all social rights. Those rights apply to education, healthcare, a decent standard of living, etc. The exercise of positive rights is impossible if the government does not have enough sufficient resources. Their specific content directly depends on the country’s wealth and the democratic nature of its political system.
What are contractual rights and duties?
Contractual rights are the rights that guarantee a contract between the people who want to enter into a valid contract with each other. Those rights usually involve business matters such as services or the provision of products. Contractual duties are obligations for which each party is legally responsible in a contractual agreement. In the contract, each party exchanges something of value: a product, service, money, etc. On both sides of the agreement, each party has certain obligations associated with this exchange. An example of a contractual obligation is the sale of a product such as a car. One party is required to transfer ownership of the car, and the other is required to pay for it. If one of the parties does not fulfill its contractual obligations, this generally results in a breach of the contract. This can lead to compensation for losses in order to compensate the non-violating parties for their economic losses.
What are the distinctions between “free market” and “command” systems? What components are necessary for each?
A free market is an economic system where prices for goods and services are regulated by supply and demand forces, free from government interference. On the free market, goods and services are exchanged between sellers and buyers by mutual agreement. Lack of government control helps support highly competitive markets and private property. Government control comes down to legal protection and taxation. The main components of this system are self-regulation, private property, freedom of participation and unrestricted competition. A command system is an economic system where material resources are owned and distributed by the government. The bulk of the resources belong to the population but resource management is carried out by the government. This system is characterized by certainty and planning for the near future, stability; setting and implementation of social goals; stable employment among the population; balanced development of income among the population.
Is Engineering a Profession?
Engineers are individuals who facilitate the life and work of people with the help of complex mechanisms and functional devices. The main goals of this profession are the creation and improvement of technical devices, tracking their effective and uninterrupted functioning. However, no matter what category an engineer works in, his primary concern is the safety of the public that will use the products and devices he designs. In order to achieve successful performance, a modern engineer must possess general and special knowledge, skills, abilities, and a set of certain personal qualities that ensure fruitful work in a team of diverse specialists. The training of highly qualified specialists for engineering be the main task of higher education in the near and more distant future. Each discipline within engineering has a professional society, e.g. the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), etc. An engineering society represents a professional organization for engineers that work in different fields. According to Olson, “engineering societies incorporate both academic and industrial members and cultures” (41). These societies often overlap with each other since specialists from one field may need help from another. The demand and need for engineering personnel are talked about all the time, but in reality, the role of these specialists in the public consciousness is often underestimated. In addition to knowing their business, engineers are expected to understand economic relations, social responsibility, and all the consequences of engineering for the world. An engineer is certainly a profession, and a profession of its own kind and status.
Work Cited
Olson, Steve. Engineering Societies and Undergraduate Engineering Education: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academy of Engineering, 2017.