Drugs alter how neurons communicate with one another and process information by altering the function of neurotransmitters. Substances like cannabis and heroin are able to stimulate neurons since their chemical construction is comparable to that of a naturally existing receptor in the system (Volkow & Boyle, 2018). This paves the way for the medications to bind to the neurons and begin working (Volkow & Boyle, 2018). Even though the structure of these medications is similar to that of natural neurotransmitters, they do not stimulate neurons in the same way. Instead, they cause the network to send out signals that are not clear.
Amphetamines and cocaine, among others, may inhibit the proper recycling of neurotransmitters by conflicting with transporters, leading to an excessively high release of these chemicals from neurons. The typical interaction between neurons is also amplified or disrupted by this. Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use, which may be driven by changes in key brain regions critical for life-sustaining activities (Brewer, 2019). Research on the brain is important in the battle against addiction. The advancement of science has greatly aided in our comprehension of addiction. For example, whereas addiction was formerly thought of largely as a moral failing or character error, now people know that it’s a long-term condition that may seriously compromise health, social functioning, and the ability to exercise volitional control over drug use (Brewer, 2019). Addiction shares many symptoms with many conditions, including diabetes, asthma, and hypertension, despite their potentially distinct etiologies (Volkow & Boyle, 2018). Each of these conditions lasts for an extended period, has a high relapse rate, and is affected by various variables, including genetics, upbringing, and the surrounding community. Individuals suffering from any of these conditions may struggle to follow medical recommendations.
The growing acceptance of drug use disorders as legitimate medical diseases has had far-reaching effects on how they are approached and treated. Recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of addiction have helped to normalize discussions about addiction and bolster the movement to include treatment for drug use disorders in primary care (Volkow & Boyle, 2018). Additionally, several impactful medications for the intervention of alcohol, opioid, and nicotine use disorders have already been developed. With the knowledge gained from studying the basic neurobiology of addiction, more clinical trials are being done to test other possible new treatments.
References
Brewer, J. (2019). Mindfulness training for addictions: has neuroscience revealed a brain hack by which awareness subverts the addictive process? Current opinion in psychology, 28, 198-203.
Volkow, N. D., & Boyle, M. (2018). Neuroscience of addiction: relevance to prevention and treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(8), 729-740.