Introduction
In Ancient Greece, the most prominent philosophers had their particular visions of the Universe and expressed them in their texts. These philosophical texts were then either supported or confronted by other thinkers, which strengthened this area of knowledge. As for Anaximander, he was a famous philosopher who interested in many spheres, including astronomy, geography, and others. He formulated his central beliefs in the text, known as the fragment of Anaximander. The main message of this text is represented by the Unlimited that is said to be the main element of the things that exist. This philosophical concept seems to be challenging, and detailed analysis is required to comprehend what Anaximander wanted to describe through the Unlimited.
Meaning of the Word
It is possible to understand the basics of this principle by realizing the meaning of the original word that was used to denote it. In Greek, the belief was called aperion, indicating a lack of limits or boundaries. Thus, the English counterpart seems to reflect the initial idea entirely. However, it is still unclear what kinds of borders the philosopher wanted to discuss. According to a few Greek thinkers, including Hippolytus and Simplicius, Anaximander paid attention to temporal, spatial, and qualitative limits or, more precisely, to their absence. It denotes that everything in the world exists irrespective of time and space, while all things and events are free from any qualitative limits. The latter supposition is supported by the fact that numerous items have opposite qualities, while no condition is typical for everything.
Background of the Principle
When one wants to comprehend the meaning of Anaximander’s passage, it is necessary to consider the context or background against which it was developed. It helps identify that the theory was a response to Thales’ doctrine. The difference between the two was that Anaximander wanted to address Thales’ difficulties and offer better solutions to them. That is why the philosopher articulated the principle that is not specific. It was done so because any specific peculiarities brought limitations to the theory, and it became difficult to explain everything literally with this principle. In addition to that, Anaximander performed great work to make his passage avoid any conceptual gaps. It refers to the fact that the thinker explains what happens and why it happens so.
Analysis of the Passage
On the one hand, the passage analysis reveals that the Unlimited is the phenomenon that gives birth to everything. At the same time, this substance does not seem to have any properties of water, air, fire, or earth, which are the four basic elements. Consequently, it undermines the credibility of the passage because it is challenging to understand how various things and phenomena originate from something that does not have any features. However, the supposition that the Unlimited has the properties of the four elements simultaneously denies the thought above. On the other hand, the information above makes numerous thinkers argue that the principle was the ancestor of the Universe. Even though there are some difficulties above in describing the concept, it is still said to be the beginning of everything. Thus, the passage tells that fire, water, air, and earth were combined to create the source of all that exists.
Apart from explaining how all things were created, the passage pays attention to how the world system works and how the Unlimited governs it. Thus, the given principle was decisive for the emergence of the Universe and all its components. At the same time, its responsibilities are not limited only to that because the Unlimited works to maintain balances. The given concept deals with supporting the equilibrium between the generations and different things. According to Anaximander, the state of balance is the main goal of the world, but it does not manage always to achieve it, which can create injustice at a particular moment. However, it is not to indicate that the Unlimited does not work; it denotes that the Unlimited needs more time to restore the equilibrium. Thus, the information above says that the Unlimited was one of the first approaches to describe the structure of the material world through an abstract principle.
While Anaximander’s theory explains how things are created and governed, it does not stipulate why balance is not the constant state of the world. Some thinkers suppose that the appearance of the Universe is an act of injustice by itself because it has violated the primordial balance. However, Anaximander is said to explain this state of affairs with conflict that is an inevitable phenomenon in the human world. At the same time, the philosopher does not offer information that would explain the reasons for it.
Conclusion
The fragment of Anaximander is the main text of this thinker in which he expresses his opinion concerning various philosophical concepts. The Unlimited is considered to be the core element of Anaximander’s beliefs. The passage reveals that this phenomenon is called the first principle of everything that exists. According to the thinker, the substance that does not have any specific properties is said to have given birth to all things in the world. In addition to that, the Unlimited is also used to describe how different things cooperate and what their goals are. Thus, Anaximander states that everything in the world strains after the equilibrium, and the Unlimited makes it possible.