Water Scarcity in the Middle East
The political and communal discontent of the individuals in the Middle East has taken the attention away from the continuing trials facing the Middle East. A tough amalgamation of swift populace growth, redundancy, and deficiency are aggravated by water scarcity – conceivably the most obstinate of existing longstanding problems (Dolatyar and Gray 114). A report on water scarcity generated by a team of external intelligence agencies expects that the probability of fight over the liquid resource will intensify in the next one or two decades. The report dwells on the importance of the water scarcity issue for the Middle East.
The latter is perhaps the most disadvantaged area of the world when it comes to liquid resources. Water scarcity will produce even more conflicts in the future if the issue is not addressed. Nevertheless, these issues offer the countries in the Middle East the prospect to team up and reinforce consensual and multidimensional bonds (Dolatyar and Gray 120). In other words, to make the most of the opportunity that has been restrained by the intelligence estimations. Proper management of existing liquid resources in the area will be central in evading adverse externalities connected to declining water supplies. The fact is, transcontinental nature of the most important Middle Eastern water sources requires cooperation on an international level.
High Evaporation Rates
The issue of high evaporation rates arises from the origins and causes of water supply conflict in the three chief transnational bodies of water of the Middle East. These include the Jordan-Yarmuk, the Tigris-Euphrates, and the Nile. The high evaporation rates inherent in the Middle East are the consequence of descending air, southerly location, and northeast airstreams. Only three countries – Iran, Turkey, and Lebanon – have a precipitation level acceptable for the populace needs.
Their natural rocky features seize the precipitations due to the westerly airstreams in wintertime. As a consequence, substantial fragments of all neighboring countries are exposed to water scarcities (Dolatyar and Gray 131). Moreover, due to high evaporation rates, rainfall is unbalanced. High evaporation rates are contributing to the water resource conflicts by reason of an increasing number of residents, financial progress, higher standards of living, technical innovations, radical disintegration, and mediocre management of water resources. High evaporation rates also sparkled immigration to the Jordan-Yarmuk area (Sowers and Weinthal 620).
More than half of the Middle East populace lives in city areas where residents consume up to 12 times more water than the residents in rural locations. Water is unexploited in irrigation structures and massive dams with artificial lakes where evaporation arises.
Increasing Plant Cover, Preventing Soil Erosion and Loss of Soil Nutritients
The necessity of incorporating practices to condense nutrient loss is one of the crucial aspects connected to agriculture in the Middle Eastern nutrient decrease approach. The evaluation performed in combination with the policy’s elaboration split the efficient nutrient decrease methods into three different groups – nitrates and phosphates supervision, land usage, and erosion control. The evaluation also recognized advantages, disadvantages, and established projected costs for the adoption of this practice. Numerous nutrition reduction practices would appear in the Middle Eastern countries that take into consideration the distinctions of existing practices.
There are several practices that have been confirmed to have the utmost potential to make a momentous influence on cutting the loss of nitrates and phosphates contained in the water (Chenoweth et al. 20). These practices are valid for the majority of areas in the Middle East. Land usage decisions substantially modify the dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus by altering the vegetative cover. These methods also contain constant energy crops, nibbled grasslands, and soil withdrawal. Erosion control methodologies allow effective removal of nitrates and phosphates from liquid waste emissions. These techniques include drainage water supervision, swamplands, bioreactors, and precipitation control.
Prevention of Respiratory Disorders
Particulate matter is a common air contaminant that is made up of a blend of solid and fluid elements deferred in the air. Particles can either be discharged directly into the atmosphere or be produced in the air from gassy precursors such as oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, and non-methane unstable organic composites. It is assessed that around 5% of deaths connected to heart diseases and 7% of lung cancer deaths are bound by particulate matter worldwide.
Primary particulate matter and the precursor vapors can have both synthetic and natural origins. One of the ways to prevent respiratory disorders connected to the particulate matter would be to implement thermal overturns that make air conditions exceedingly susceptible and help to stop polluting particles from being discharged. There are numerous practices intended to reduce the adverse impact of air pollution (Sowers and Weinthal 613).
These measures vary from supervisory actions (severer atmosphere quality control, restrictions for discharges from several sources) and organizational transformations (energy-saving techniques, the substitution of means of transport, and land use development) to personal behavioral transformations (for instance, driving electric cars or using different energy sources at home). The advantages of this preventive strategy are obvious, and it is highly recommended to implement it in the Middle Eastern countries as soon as possible.
Works Cited
Chenoweth, Jonathan, Panos Hadjinicolaou, Adriana Bruggeman, Jos Lelieveld, Zev Levin, Manfred Lange, Elena Xoplaki, and Michalis Hadjikakou. “Impact of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Region: Modeled 21st Century Changes and Implications.” Water Resources Research 47.6 (2011): 16-34. Web.
Dolatyar, Mostafa, and Tim Gray. Water Politics in the Middle East: A Context for Conflict or Cooperation? Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2012. Print.
Sowers, Jeannie, and Erika Weinthal. “Climate Change, Water Resources, and the Politics of Adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa.” Climatic Change 104.3 (2011): 599-627. Web.