The Chinese philosopher Mencius supported and interpreted the philosophical ideas of Confucian. According to Oxtoby and Amore, the main principles of the teaching of Mencius were the pursuit of knowledge and self-improvement of individuals who should challenge their usual feudal structure of life, being oppressed by the pre-imperial society (269-271).
For Mencius, every individual as an integral part of nature should develop in harmony with nature. On the other hand, being a part of the social hierarchy, the philosopher had a strong political view about the way China has to more. Mencius claimed about the necessity of transformation of pre-imperial feudal structure into a meritocracy where every citizen would be respected. Interpreting Confucianism, Mencius emphasized the role of the individual about the state and government. He underlined that the Chinese elite should pay attention to the citizens, be sensitive to human needs. Moreover, Mencius even claimed that in case if the ruler does not accept the right way, rules harshly and does not respect his citizens, people have the moral right to kill him. The ruler must be responsible for the acts he makes.
Human nature, according to Mencius, naturally, every individual is disposed to compassion and grace. Thus, if someone would see that child is on the verge of falling, one would help this child for sure and without reflecting on the price from the child’s family. This is called the innate goodness which is present in everyone. Lack of positive cultivations in the society may lead to the neglect of good affairs by the individuals. Natural morality, altruism, and compassion are the basic principles of the teaching of Mencius.
Works Cited:
Oxtoby, Willard G., and R. C. Amore. World Religions: Eastern traditions. 3rd ed. 2010. Ontario, Canada: Oxford University Press. Print.