Male Condom
The male condom is one of the most popular and arguably the least complex methods of contraception. It is a barrier method that consists of a sheath-shaped device used to cover the male’s reproductive organ which blocks sperm during ejaculation. Condoms are usually made from latex or other synthetic materials and may contain spermicide. It offers protection from STIs as well and can be effective due to the low cost and ease of use (Insel and Roth 125).
Oral Birth Control Pill
Oral birth control is a medication, in the form of a pill, that is taken orally by females. It releases hormones such as estrogen and progesterone that affect ovulation, menstruation, and the activity of the corpus luteum. If taken properly, on a regular basis, the pill can be effective in preventing pregnancies. However, it does not protect against STIs on physical contact and may cause a wide variety of unpleasant side effects (Insel and Roth 119).
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
This method consists of placing a small device inside the female uterus as a tool of long-term birth control. Depending on the device, it releases either progestin or chopper that influences the biochemical composition of the uterus. This leads to the prevention of fertilization and interferes with the movement of sperm and effects. IUDs are usually more expensive and require a medical professional (Insel and Roth 124).
Contraceptive Implants
An implant is placed under the skin, in the upper arm area which secretes regular small doses of progestin or synthetic progesterone. These affect menstruation and fertilization, preventing pregnancy. An implant is rather effective, with low failure rates, and does not require further action after insertion, lasting up to three years. The only downside is the lack of protection from STIs and potential side effects due to hormonal changes (Insel and Roth 123).
Diaphragm with Spermicide
This is a dome-shaped cup made of latex or silicone that is stretched over a collapsible metal ring. The diaphragm is carefully fitted by a clinician to be inserted in order to cover the cervix. For most effectiveness, it should be used in combination with spermicide. A woman should insert the diaphragm before intercourse and leave it in up to 6 hours afterward to ensure that spermicide eliminates any sperm (Insel and Roth 126).
Work Cited
Insel, Paul M., and Walton T. Roth. Connect Core Concepts in Health, Brief. 15th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.