Introduction
An in-depth study of instrument capabilities to develop flight skills is an integral part of the successful academic study of aerodynamics. As a novice, the student must first master the theoretical concepts and models governing flight before proceeding to their practical implementation. Including the pilot must have extensive knowledge of the technical potential of the flying device so that, in the event of a critical situation, the situation can be competently managed. Of the enormous variety of instruments available for flight training, the Delta Glider Plane rightly ranks as one of the central tools. The relatively simple design and experience of the Delta Glider Plane can seriously enhance the planning skills of the inexperienced pilot. This report reviews the overall technical design of the Delta Glider Plane in detail in terms of the applicability of the aerodynamic models and the purpose of the electronic components of the overall system.
A Brief Overview of the Delta Glider Plane
First and foremost, it should be recognized that the Delta Glider Plane, for the purposes of this paper, does not refer to a specific wide-format flying device capable of passenger and cargo flights but to a small-sized electronic model of a drone capable of flight. The key features of such devices should be compactness, the possibility of vertical takeoff and landing, safety for surrounding people, and automatic control. As a rule, for designing such devices, amateur pilots use improvised materials, be it cardboard or foam plastic. These essential elements must be light enough to create a flightworthy Delta Glider Plane fuselage. However, the process of designing the drone does not end with creating the lightweight body of the future device: the ultimate goal is not only to plan but also to control the Delta Glider in the airspace.
The Electronic Part
Once the hull design stage is completed, electronic devices are attached to the fuselage: a motor, transmitter, an autonomous battery, a tracking camera, and servos. The crucial part of the Delta Glider’s electrical circuitry is the motor, usually mounted in the rear of the hull. The motor is a direct drive motor, or a commutatorless motor, with wire windings located directly on the stator. The principle of operation of such a motor is to ensure that the rotor’s magnetic field is entrained behind the rotating electromagnetic field of the stator. In this case, it is evident that to overcome the device’s gravity, the initial thrust must be large enough. At the output from the electric motor, an operational amplifier is installed, which allows to achieve significant values of amplification of direct electric current at the expense of zeroing the input voltage.
The commutatorless motor is also part of the servo drive, which allows precise control of the movement of the aircraft. The autonomous control of the servo is done through a circuit board to which the DC motor and the potentiometer are connected: also inside the control box are the gears of the gearbox, which control the rotation of the motor. As standard, the servo has three output wires: two of them supply the motor, and the third one is necessary to provide a pulse. In the event of a discrepancy between the signal between the angle set by the user and the value on the potentiometer, the control unit, through the gearbox, seeks to reach the desired position and maintain it. This, in turn, leads to an increased energy load. Thus, the servo should be understood as a complex mechanism with an electric motor, which can rotate to a given angle and steadily hold that state.
Another critical component of the Delta Glider Plane’s circuitry is a radio transmitter, which transmits signals from the pilot’s remote control to the servo drive. The controller processes all incoming signals and sends commands to the engines through the speed controllers. The signal is amplified using transistors mounted on the board. The incoming amplitude-modulated signal may be a mixture of frequencies and noise, so a diode detector is used there to isolate low-frequency modulations.
Aerodynamic Model
Finally, in order to design a capable device for flight, it is necessary to achieve high lift values. The hull design is central to this issue since too much air resistance prevents successful takeoff and spatial maneuvering. Manipulation of lift is realized through the asymmetry of the fuselage: air flows around the shape, which creates a stress drop under the wing. In addition, the lift of the Delta Glider is unambiguously positively set by the angle of attack. This angle is commonly understood as the angle between the direction vector of the Delta Glider and the actual trajectory. Moreover, it should be understood that if you design such a design that leads to an increase in air resistance, this will lead to the formation of a critical angle of attack and, consequently, the disruption of airflow.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it should be noted that designing and building an aircraft from scratch is a brilliant strategy to study and apply aerodynamic concepts independently. This paper analyzed the necessary details and schematics used to design an automatic Delta Glider. This included both design elements convenient for minimizing air resistance but maintaining a sufficient angle of attack, as well as a set of electrical details. Assembled in the correct order and sequence to create an operational aircraft that proves the students’ competence in the topic studied.