Corrections serve the objective of separating offenders from the community in which they would function. Corrections is a branch of the criminal law process that gives accommodation and services for offenders who have been convicted of crimes that result in the loss of their liberty (Wilson, 2016). Confinement is the most severe penalty that a healthy democracy can inflict on a person. Correctional discipline is a growing scientifically sound relationship between two ideas: discipline and reintegration. Crimes lose their freedom because society expects that they are punished for their actions. If the pattern of recurrence is to be halted and the prison yard culture transformed, criminals must also learn constructive habits and have good role models. For a long time, social scientists have maintained that reintegration must be the prevailing ideology in correctional policy if only to protect the prison population from overflowing the physical infrastructure. This work was written with the aim of comparing two correctional systems from different countries.
Incarceration is associated with jails, prisons, and other correctional institutions that house people who have committed crimes. In most cases, people who are locked up in these facilities are referred to as prisoners. The United States has one of the greatest imprisonment rates in the world, but this is not always due to broken criminal justice. The obvious explanation for this is openness in accounting, as opposed to those nations that do not provide accurate imprisonment numbers. Community supervision is a step after imprisonment or an entire alternative to jail, which has proven expensive to the community. It is part of the punishment, and it is carried out throughout the whole period specified by the authorities.
The U.S.
When speaking to the wide range of organizations that monitor persons in a state of imprisonment, reintegration, parole, or supervision, the state and federal penal system most typically use the term corrections as a substitute for criminological research. As a result, the phrase correctional facility has replaced the term penal institution. If the phrase corrections appear broad, the penal system is in charge of many programs — for more than it is normally given recognition for.
If someone asks the average about the role of the United States Correctional System, they will tell them that it is in charge of monitoring convicts in jail. It would not, however, acknowledge that it also deals with criminals who have been temporarily discharged, as well as those who have been assigned sanctions that do not need incarceration but nevertheless require legally mandated monitoring. Similarly, the function of a prison officer is highly different. Their primary responsibility is to supervise the imprisonment of criminals completing their terms, but their extended tasks often include the reform and regeneration of condemned offenders, the organization of learning resources, and the provision of counseling.
Canada
The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), often known as Correctional Service Canada or Corrections Canada, is a federal government organization in Canada that is accountable for the detention and reintegration of career felon criminals condemned to two years or over. The agency’s facilities are in Ottawa, Ontario. An indeterminate punishment has a project completion, often known as a “Warrant Expiry.” This date is set by the court, after which Correctional Service Canada will no longer have authority over the offender. Eternal punishment is a punishment that is also known as a “life sentence.” The offender is under the authority of Correctional Service Canada until he or she dies. The judge does, however, establish a minimum amount of years before a criminal can petition to the Parole Board of Canada for supervised discharge. Thus, a life sentence with no parole for half a decade would imply that the criminal would be detained for at least twenty-five years before being considered for supervised discharge to the public under the monitoring of a communal probation officer.
Correctional Service Canada has three levels of security. There are three of them: maximal, moderate, and minimal. On the outside, case management is handled by organizational probation officers (POs) and community parole officers (CPOs). At the stage in a judicial punishment that an offender is allowed to reside in the community on conditional release, the Parole Board of Canada is solely responsible for determining liberty determinations (Iftene, 2019). When a court condemns a criminal to two years or more in prison, the offender falls under the authority of Correctional Service Canada. A detailed evaluation of the offender’s criminality is completed by an institutional parole officer, who then develops an “offender security classification report” and a “correctional plan.” This rehabilitative plan will be used to assess the offender during the duration of the judicial term.
These systems differ in their approach to prisoners and the entire system in general. If in the United States they try to bypass the term criminal or felon, then in Canada, they say directly that they have criminals on reintegration. The United States, unlike Canada, does not hide its number of prisoners while having a more loyal attitude towards them (Kaeble et al., 2016). In both systems, there is a variant of social supervision, which is an alternative to prison, but the application of this procedure also differs, where supervision is more stringent in Canada than in the United States.
References
Iftene, A. (2019). Chapter One. Some Context: The Canadian Federal Correctional System. In Punished for Aging. University of Toronto Press. 10-32.
Kaeble, D., Glaze, L., Tsoutis, A., & Minton, T. (2016). Correctional populations in the United States, 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1-19.
Wilson, D. B. (2016). Correctional programs. In What works in crime prevention and rehabilitation. Springer, New York, NY. 193-217.