The development of social science and its methods constantly raises new questions about research ethics. This problem is particularly relevant in qualitative studies examining topics that profoundly affect the personal aspects of the studied cohort’s life, for instance, sexual behavior, religion, or health. When investigating such issues, the controversy of many methodological decisions is manifested. The discussion’s basis is the dilemma between the need for free research and the need to respect the rights of the study participants.
Considering the application of ethics in research from the perspective of negative consequences that it can bring, the main argument will be the limitation of the researcher’s activity. The fact of observation and knowledge about it can change subjects’ behavior and affect the accuracy of results. However, ignoring ethical principles will have more harmful and long-term consequences. A researcher’s unprofessional behavior can damage the privacy of the studied groups, humiliate their dignity, and violate the right to privacy. Using the example of the Humphrey study, his mistake or pressure from government officials could lead to the disclosure of details of many people’s personal lives, families destroyed, and even arrests. In the long-term consequences, people may perceive ethics violations as disrespectful, leading to reluctance to work with scientists. A more significant number of studies that do not support ethics will ultimately undermine confidence in the entire field of sociology.
Thus, although ethics may limit research to some extent, these restrictions are necessary. Ethical principles maintain respect and trust between researchers and study participants. Without trust and confidence in their safety, people will not participate in experiments, and those who have become participants without consent will oppose holding research in general. Moreover, ethical principles act as a guide to action in conflicting situations, and the choice in their favor will demonstrate the professionalism of scientists.