A glucose tolerance test (trial tolerability of glucose) makes it possible to check how the human body regulates the level of sugar. It is a standard for determining the diabetes mellitus of the second type. A glucose tolerance test during pregnancy is offered to women in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, which can develop in pregnant women after about 20 weeks; even in cases where a woman before pregnancy, glucose indicators have never risen (Mayo Clinic, 2020). A woman must make a blood test on sugar and controls the various changes that occur. It is especially important to note deviations from the norm. In order to be able to receive reliable information when deciphering the results, it is necessary to know how to give this test. First of all, a person must be physically active, have a good health condition (even cold is not allowed), they should not take medicines affecting the level of glucose, in three days to eat in accordance with the diet containing carbohydrates.
It is recommended that the glucose of the venous plasma is recommended for the first appeal to the doctor of any specialty (gynecologist, therapist, and a general practice doctor) for a period of 6-7 to 24 weeks to exclude a violation of carbohydrate exchange. The definition of glucose is carried out only in venous plasma. The definition of glucose in serum or solid capillary blood is not allowed (American Diabetes Association, 2003). The diagnosis of manifest diabetes must be confirmed by repeated characterization of the glycemia of an empty stomach or at any time of the day, regardless of meals in subsequent days or the definition of glycated hemoglobin, except for cases of undoubted hyperglycemia with acute metabolic decompensation or with apparent symptoms.
The diagnosis of the GDM is established when the glucose of the venous plasma is detected on an empty stomach on any period of pregnancy, including after the glucose tolerance test conducted, according to the results of which there was no violation of carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin resistance growth can be associated with excess weight gain, the need to comply with strict restrictions of physical activity. In the presence of complaints, risk factors of the type and risk of the type and the results of the study corresponding to the categories of the manifested (first identified) GDM, it is recommended to send a pregnant woman to the endocrinologist, which decides on the diagnosis of GDM (Moore, 2020). In the case of a glucose tolerance test for the purpose of diagnosing GDM type, the interpretation of the test results is carried out according to the norms for the overall population. Further observation and treatment for pregnant women is carried out as the asset diagnosis with the mandatory reclassification of the diagnosis after delivery.
It is recommended to use an interdisciplinary approach (gynecologist, therapist/endocrinologist) to the maintenance and treatment of pregnant women with GDM to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Then, it is important to modify the lifestyle (change in the power and physical activity) for all pregnant women with the GDM for the prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications. It is also suggested to carry out daily self-control of glycemia until the end of pregnancy with all pregnant women with GDM to assess the compensation of carbohydrate exchange (Garrison, 2015). The following recommendation is to keep a diary of self-control, in which indicators are recorded in the level of glucose capillary blood, nutritional features, time and type of physical activity of pregnant women with GDM for an adequate and timely assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment of the disease (Garrison, 2015).
References
American Diabetes Association. (2003). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 26(1), 103–105.
Garrison, A. (2015). Screening, diagnosis, and management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. American Family Physician, 91(7), 460–467.
Mayo Clinic. (2020). Glucose tolerance test. Web.
Moore, T. R. (2020). Diabetes Mellitus and pregnancy. Medscape. Web.