Forensic toxicology is the study and analysis of samples with the aim of finding out whether they contain any chemicals, drugs, or toxic substances. A forensic toxicologist collects biological samples from subjects and performs scientific tests using complex instruments. This discipline is interesting because of its wide range of applications, availability of interaction opportunities among professionals from different areas of specialization, and great access to numerous career opportunities. New chemicals and drugs are developed daily due to advancements in technology. Therefore, it is necessary for scientists to create new methods of analysis to identify and classify those drugs and chemicals in samples. The availability of numerous opportunities makes forensic toxicology an exciting discipline. Possible areas of work include the military, government agencies, law enforcement agencies, hospitals, private establishments, and the academic sector.
Forensic toxicology requires advanced and specialized training that takes several years. An individual interested in the discipline should have a Bachelor’s degree in forensic science or related disciplines such as natural sciences, chemistry, and biology (Toxicology n.d). Forensic toxicologists take courses in areas that include pharmacology, analytic chemistry, cellular physiology, chemistry, toxicology, and pathophysiology (Toxicology n.d). In certain cases, doctorate-level education is required. Other skills that are necessary for success include research skills, interpretation and analysis of data, and laboratory training.
Forensic toxicologists take biological samples from subjects and test them for various substances such as poison, chemicals, and drugs. Other substances that are identified in samples include alcohol, poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide, and metals (Molina, 2009). Types of samples collected for analysis include blood, urine, hair, bile, gastric juice, and certain body organs and tissues (Molina, 2009). Professionals in this field are involved in cases that include sexual exploitation, homicide, violence, driving under the influence, and child custody. The type of sample used is determined by the complexity of the case under investigation.
Different types of instruments are used in forensic toxicology to perform various functions. These instruments include microscopes, syringes, needles, endoscopes, enema sets, blood gas analyzers, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) apparatus, electrocardiography machines (ECG), ultracentrifuges, gas chromatographs, different types of mass spectrometers, capillary electrophoresis instruments, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) apparatus, and different types of chromatography (Molina, 2009). These instruments are used in the detection, identification, and classification of different compounds and chemicals in samples.
Types of certification available include Certification as a Forensic Toxicology Specialist and Certification as a Diplomate of the Board (Certification as a Forensic Toxicology Specialist n.d). These certifications are only issued by the American Board of Forensic Toxicology (ABFT). Applicants must possess the necessary education requirements and at least three years of professional experience in forensic toxicology (Certification as a Forensic Toxicology Specialist n.d). Certification is completed only after applicants pass a test issued by the ABFT on different principles of forensic toxicology. Certificates are valid for five years and cannot be transferred from one individual to another.
In conclusion, forensic toxicology is an exciting discipline that involves the analysis of samples with the aim of finding out whether they contain drugs, toxic gases, or toxic chemicals. Education requirements include a background in toxicology or any life science. Specimens studied include blood, urine, bile, gastric juice, and body tissues. Types of evidence sought include poisonous metals, toxic gases, alcohol, and drugs. Forensic toxicologists use different types of instruments that include microscopes, endoscopes, analysis machines, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) apparatus, electrocardiography machines (ECG), and ultracentrifuges among others. Certification is only offered by the American Board of Forensic Toxicology (ABFT).
References
Certification as a Forensic Toxicology Specialist (n.d). Web.
Molina, D. K. (2009). Handbook of Forensic Toxicology for Medical Examiners. New York: CRC Press.
Toxicology (n.d). Web.