National Security
National security is a dynamic issue that needs a solid yet a flexible approach. A national security strategy specifies how the goals set in a national security policy can be achieved (Mennen et al., 2014). It describes all national security interests that ought to be protected, as well as how these interests are at risk and ways that can be used to reduce the occurrence of these risks and threats. As a practical document, it details the instruments essential in the implementation of the national security policy, and how these instruments ought to be employed for a longer time (Mennen et al., 2014). It also explains how they should be used together to avoid duplication and ensure the resources are utilized in the best way possible. In summary, the NSS describes the process of implementing a national policy. It can also be said to be the art of science of developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power such as military, economic, informational, and diplomatic to achieve the objectives that contribute to national security.
Impact of Globalization on National Security Strategy
Globalization today has engulfed the whole world, spreading and taking place on major national and international agendas. The process of globalization involves great advancement between different countries worldwide in terms of scientific, cultural, economic, and technological abilities (Mofaod, 2022). However, this development is considered by many countries as a threat to their nation. On the one hand, globalization between different countries has been viewed as a source of relief and profits in different areas. On the other hand, it has brought with it, risks that have long-term effects and profound consequences. Globalization has made these challenges more challenging to curb. Some of the challenges that have evolved through globalization are increased levels of terrorism, pandemics, climate change, and supply chains.
Terrorism
Terrorism is one of the effects which have been manifested by the impact of globalization. It constitutes the greatest challenge that the latter has brought. The challenge has affected all states and countries that find it difficult to effectively fight this all-around enemy. The interconnectedness in the world caused by globalization has facilitated the development and extension of terrorism as well as the development of tactical ways of achieving its goals. In addition, economic development witnessed by the opening of new markets, the development of high technologies, and the technological interconnectivity that has facilitated easy communication have given terrorists the ability to develop, extend, and achieve their evil and illegal intentions (Mofaod, 2022). Therefore, with globalization, terrorism and different terrorist groups have continued benefiting an act that has brought great instability worldwide.
Pandemic
Globalization has increased incidences of global travel that have caused the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. The increased interconnectedness of the current world today has not only enhanced better movement of goods and people from one country to another but also the transmission between different countries. The COVID-19 pandemic that was witnessed being transmitted from one country to another is an example of how globalization has enhanced the global pandemic. The virus caused a global economic recession on top of a great number of lives lost during the pandemic. More globalized nations in particular are at the heart of human influence on infectious disease. These modern, densely populated urban areas are highly interconnected with the world economy in terms of international travel, trade, and social mobility. One might that their chances of contracting infectious diseases are high and thus would be more willing than less developed countries to adopt recommended control measures, travel restrictions, and screening during disease outbreaks. However, given their globalized nature, these countries are less likely to embrace disease prevention mechanisms thus contradicting the assumption that greater social globalization may require faster policy adoption to limit potential virus import and spread via the social connected areas. Therefore, globalization plays a significant role in spreading pandemics as well as the consequences of pandemics for globalization.
Climate
While globalization has benefited human beings in different ways, it has also caused pollution that damages the ecosystem and contributes to climate change. People have suffered serious environmental harm because of globalization. One way that globalization has affected the environment is through pollution resulting from increased transportation of people and goods from one country to another. The further a product is transported the more fuel is used and the higher the level of greenhouse gas emission is produced. These emissions highly contribute to ocean acidification, climate change, and pollution across the globe and have been shown to have a significant impact on biodiversity. When the soil has been contaminated with pollutants, crops growing there also get contaminated and people consuming these crops might develop different health complications such as cancer and other illnesses. Although globalization has negatively affected the environment, it has contributed to the formation of new laws, regulations, and processes that limit the effects on the environment. Therefore, it is evident that globalization has had a great impact on the environment causing climate change.
Supply Chain
Globalization has provided business organizations with an opportunity to reach new markets. The idea has made manufacturers think about how they need to operate to be successful. Exposure to new markets exposes businesses to new levels of competition and greater risks but also comes with a lot of rewards (Veiligheid et al., 2019). Through globalization, businesses have been able to reach new customers in new markets across the globe. There is simple communication between business owners, vendors, and customers making it easier to reach new markets. Globalization has also expanded sourcing opportunities whereby it has made it possible for businesses to source raw materials, products, and workers from regions in the world that previously were out of reach (Veiligheid et al., 2019). Nonetheless, there are also negative effects that have been caused by globalization such as increased competition. When a business organization breaks into a new market that has several companies similar to it will have the same customers, manufacturing processes, products, and supplies creating competition between the businesses.
Principal Components of Danish National Security Strategies (NSS)
Denmark is perhaps the Nordic nation that has been most able to sustain a prominent position in a variety of politico-security regimes since the mid-twentieth century. It has a genuinely worldwide view owing to its geographical location between the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. Denmark has a cultural connection with its Nordic neighbors, but its economic success is based on access to the European internal market, which is the destination of the majority of Denmark’s exports (Mofaod, 2022). Denmark’s National policy has been distinguished by active participation in these regional systems, balancing external challenges and possibilities. Denmark, despite seeing itself as a small country with limited resources, has been remarkably successful in carving out a place for itself in the North Atlantic security order through close bilateral relationships with the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and, to a lesser extent, Nordic cooperation. To that aim, Danish foreign policy is both autonomous and strategic, depending on regional systems for security, economic integration, and material interests realization (MOFAOD, 2022). This balancing act results in some role dissonance, as seen in the current shift toward the EU as a source of prosperity and security after a long period of half-hearted participation in European integration, or when it is concerned about political developments in the United States while seeking the strongest possible strategic alignment with the Americans, or, again, when it touts its strong Nordic affinity while avoiding Nordic strategic cooperation.
The Danish important policy elite is very concerned about the unfolding transformation in the international order. Danish foreign policy has therefore shown both continuity and change during the previous ten years, against a backdrop of more serious security challenges in the region (Mennen et al., 2014). In light of these changes, Denmark has decided to safeguard Danish interests via a more varied engagement approach.
To ensure the safety and security of Denmark and the whole Danish Realm, residents must be shielded from currents that undermine their values, freedom, and togetherness. Strong partnerships are vital to Denmark’s security. Citizens must cultivate and strengthen them, including by shouldering a portion of the burden in the world’s most volatile regions, where they have the most to lose (Veiligheid et al., 2019). They will encourage peaceful development in the Arctic, which is becoming an increasingly significant geopolitical battleground (DIIS, 2020). Denmark must combat instability and obscurantist and militant Islamism by cracking down severely on terrorist organizations and promoting sustainable and democratic growth in our southern neighboring areas. Denmark must collaborate with the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and other like-minded entities to develop a comprehensive response to emerging threats such as cyber espionage and hybrid strikes. And we must ensure the pandemic readiness and supply security of Denmark and Europe.
The government supports a Danish international and security policy that puts values at the forefront, establishes strong relationships throughout society, and is founded on contemporary Danish diplomacy that assures a strong and dependable voice on the international stage (Mennen et al., 2014). This is how we fight for Danish interests and values across the globe, as well as for inclusive security, progress, and prosperity.
Principal Components of Dutch National Security Strategies (NSS)
The National Security Strategy’s strategic cycle, which repeats every three years, allows the Netherlands to continuously safeguard itself against the evolution of threats and hazards and strengthens the national security strategy. Politicians, security policymakers, and the military are all confronted with a high level of unpredictability about the future security situation. External and internal security are intrinsically intertwined. In the last fifty years, governments have become more large, while security-related knowledge and ability have become very compartmentalized (Veiligheid et al., 2019). The majority of stovepipes understand safety,’ but lack a true comprehension of security.’ In contrast, many genuine security issues do not end at a stovepipe.
This Netherlands National Security Strategy marks the beginning of a new strategic cycle that will be repeated periodically to ensure a continuous evaluation of whether the measures to protect national security interests remain sufficiently adequate to address all threats and risks that could impact national security. The NSS details all national security interests that must be safeguarded, how these interests are now threatened, and how we might mitigate these dangers or hazards (Rademaker, 2009). Intensified focus indicates that the nature of the danger necessitates additional and thorough attention – although within the context of the current duties and responsibilities – to continuously minimize all recognized hazards and risks and enhance resilience (Rademaker, 2009). Under the supervision of the relevant line ministries, the above-mentioned heightened emphasis still needs additional clarification.
Numerous hazards and dangers may result in the interruption of vital infrastructure. To guard against these threats and hazards, the government is executing an escalated strategy that will combine information, skills, and experience to effectively manage national security issues about critical infrastructure (Mennen et al., 2014). Terrorism and extremism prevention continue to need the Netherlands’ attention. It is crucial to reinforce and enhance our concentration depending on real danger levels whenever and whenever required (Mennen et al., 2014). To combat ‘new’ kinds of extremism, emphasis will also be placed on applying the comprehensive approach to all types of extremism, regardless of their ideological base.
As a collaborative effort between the government, the business community, and society as a whole, the strategy against subversive crime will center on a comprehensive set of measures. In addition, an ambitious legislative agenda has been developed that takes into consideration both the practical desires and preferences of frontline operators and constitutional principles (Mennen et al., 2014). Together with all of our partners in the field, this will significantly strengthen our strategy to combat subversive crime.
References
DIIS. (2020). “A small state addressing big problems a small state addressing big problems Perspectives on Recent Danish Foreign and Security Strategy.”
Mennen, M.G., and M.C. van Tuyll. (2014). “Dealing with Future Risks in the Netherlands: The National Security Strategy and the National Risk Assessment.” Journal of Risk Research 18 (7): 860–76. Web.
MOFAOD. (2022). “Foreign and Security Policy Strategy 2022.” UM-ENEN. 2022. Web.
National Security Strategy (n.d.). Topics by Theme | National Security Strategy | National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism. Web.
Priority assessment of threats and risks: which issues require extra focus? (n.d.). Priority Assessment of Threats and Risks: Which Issues Require Extra Focus? | National Security Strategy | National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism. Web.
Rademaker, Michel. (2009). “NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY of the NETHERLANDS: AN – ProQuest.” Www.proquest.com. 2009. Web.
Veiligheid, Ministerie van Justitie en. (2019). “National Security Strategy – National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism.” English.nctv.nl. 2019. .