The article is about a humble submission by Sachem on behalf of the people of Nanhingansets to the government of old England for protection (Sachem 81). The Princes and Pessicus arrive at this decision after jointly and unanimously agreeing to sign the act and deed of submission. The details of the act submission entail declaration of their loyalty to the King and offer their lives to the majesty.
The decided with one consent “freely, voluntarily, and most humbly to submit, subject, and give over ourselves, peoples, lands, rights, inheritances, and possessions whatsoever, in ourselves and our heirs successively forever unto the protection, care and government of that worthy and royal Prince, Charles, King of Great Britain and Ireland, his heirs and successors forever…p.82”
The article is historical in the sense that it was written on the nineteenth day of April 1644. This is also most four centuries ago. The article is also good to know about. This is because it tells the audience or reader the history of Narragansett Indians and how England contributed to its development. For instance, it is revealed that Narragansett was colonized by England and that they paid to her majesty the queen (p. 82).
The author’s main points are to submission to the government of England and receive protection in return. The author is not biased as he has involved all concerned parties and the benefits will be for everybody. The other thing is that the author is writing to a specific- the government of old England.
Gachadow
The article is about the speech written to the Virginia Commissioners at the Treaty of Lancaster 1744 (Gachadow 125). It is a complaint and reminder to brother assaraquoa. In this article, the governor is also reminded of how the Great King conquered the Indians and how they were employed by Maryland to Conquer the Conestoga’s.
The Indians wanted peace through face to face confirmation with the Cherokees and Catawbas; this never came to pass since those Nations never sent their men. The article also advances complaints that the colonial government promised Indians somethings but was given. Instead, the colonial government ended up stealing local resources leaving locals impoverished.
The article is important to know about. This is because it reveals how locals in Pennsylvania dealt with or come face-to-face with colonialism ad how they were impacted. The author’s main points were the unfulfilled promises made by the colonial government and the experiences locals went through in the hands of the colonial government. He completed his speech by talking about the injustices inflicted upon them by the White People (Gachadow 125).
The author also wrote about what the opposing side achieved. The author is not biased as he exposed all things that happened both to them what they did to opponents such as Catawbas.
Also, Gachadow confirmed and believed they are justified to continue fighting with Catawbas; advice the council not to be troubled at what they do to the Catawbas. The Catawbas assaulted Virginia society with hurtful gender metaphors. The author wrote to a specific audience brother Assaraquoa-the Virginia commissioner.
Oneida Indians
The article is about the speech to Governor Trumbull and was written in 1775 by a representative of the Oneida Indians living in New England (Oneida Indians 150). The time of publication shows that it is a historical article. The main points are the intentions of the Indian community to remain neutral in the impending American Revolution. It is specific audiences are the Governor, Jonathan Trumbull, and the chiefs of New England.
The Oneidas decided to sit on the fence and not to take part in the dispute between two brothers. They advocate for peace and proclaim not to support any side in the contest. This is attributed to the fact that the Oneidas bear equal affection to both sides. The chief says if the conflict was with an alien, a foreign nation, then they could consider giving aid to their ally (Oneida Indians 149).
It is important to know about the information presented in the article. Being a historical article it helps the reader to know the participants in the American Revolution. It also helps in understanding the reasons why Indians chose to remain neutral. Also, it helps one to know whether Indians remained neutral to the end or not. The decision by Indians is attributed to the fact that the Oneidas were preventing being targeted during the American Revolution.
Another reason is that the conflict seemed tactical since it involved brothers, and the Indians did not wish to get involved. Indians also had a historically close relationship with the whites and did not want to savor it. The author did not have any bias as he attributes to his people what they deserved and to others what they deserved. The message is directed to the governor of Trumbull. In this case, he is the specific audience.
Surviving as Vanishing Americans
This article is about the plight of Indians living in the Northwestern part of Ohio. First, it details some intentions made to remove them from where they living-Northwestern part of Ohio. In the 1790s, General Anthony Wayne defeated them at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in northwestern Ohio. The Indian confederacy was split by playing on different tribal interests.
This resulted in the tribal leaders ceding most of Ohio to the United States in 1795. In the early 19th century, Indian resistance was revived again by Shawnee Prophet. The pan-Indian unity led the Creeks to fight a bloody war for independence against the American expansion. They lost and became the vanishing race as they sought to survive in a society mortifying them.
The article has important information that is worth learning about. That is it reveals reasons why the US wanted to displace Indians. For instance, Indians were considered immigrants and that they were hostile and warlike savages who fought against the pioneers and resisted civilization.
The resistance of the Indians provided the colonizers with further justification to destroy their cultures and take their land. Thousands of Indians have driven away from their ancestral homes after Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. Americans thought that the Indians were bound to be extinct.
The article is historical as it was written way back in 1793 and contains detailed information of the origin and challenges faced by Indians in Ohio. The author illustrates how the Vanishing policy threatened the Indian adaptations. The author is not biased in his writing and he is not writing a specific audience. What the author does is to bring out the plight of Indians in Northwestern Ohio.
Speech at the Confederate Council
The article is about disappointments expressed by the United Indian Nations at the Confederate Council after being excluded in the peace treaty (United Indian Nation 176). The peace treaty involved the King of Great Britain. It mainly entails the intentions of Indians to promote peace after the war. In the article, the United Indian Nations pointed out the mischief that happened between the Americans and them.
The Indians also expressed their displeasure at separate treaties with different nations. The Indians complained of the neglect and lack of openness in the treaties. They reiterate their plan of effecting peace and reconciliation involving the general council. The whole confederacy should be involved without restraint on either side.
The article is historical in the sense that it was written in late 1786. It brings out the historical contributions of the United Indian Nation towards the new nation (United Indian Nation 175). It is also important to know about as it brings out all players who contributed to the establishment of the new nation. It also unravels the reasons why Indians were persistent in their quest to be included in the peace process.
The policies dealt with sensitive matters of peace and right to property (United Indian Nation 176). They are also worried about the factional divisions and rivalries amongst themselves.
The author was not biased as he presented the views and reasons advanced by all parties. The speech is specific as it was addressed at the confederate council where the main points were the failure to include the Indian community in the peace process and the likely consequences.
Works Cited
Gachadow. “Speech to the commissioner of Virginia at the treaty of lanchaster.” Colonial records of Pennsylvania (1744): 125-126. Print.
Oneidi Indians. “Speech to Governor Trumbull.” American Archives (1775): 150-151. Print.
Pennsylvania. Provincial Council. Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania: From the Organization to the Termination of the Proprietary Government. Pennsylvania: J. Severns Press, 1851. Print.
Sachem. “Narranganset Indians Act of Submission.” Records of Colony of Rhode island (1644): 81-82. Print.
United Indian Nation. “Speech at the confederate council.” American State papers (1644): 175-178. Print.