Seventeenth century was an epoch of scientific revolution that marked the beginning of modern science in contrast with old scientific philosophy. During this century, scientific revolution led to the shift in the study of nature from ancient empiricism and teleology to the use of controlled experimentations.
Discoveries of prominent scientists like Galileo, Hooke, Boyle, Newton, Descartes, and Bacon dominated the scientific revolution and their scientific ideologies focused on controlled experimentation based on inductive reasoning rather than empiricism deeply held by the then philosophers.
The scientific revolution was characterized with explosion and exponential growth of scientific knowledge that necessitated the accumulation, organization, discussion, and publication of varied ideas, which revolutionized the scientific community in the world.
Before seventeenth century, science was under philosophy but the emergence of scientific revolution created natural science as an independent discipline. Therefore, the need to strengthen natural science as an independent discipline led to the establishment of scientific societies such as the Accademia del Cimento, the Academie des Sciences, and the Royal Society of London, which enhanced merging of scholars, exchange of scientific information, coordination of research, and publication of scientific information.
Accademia del Cimento was a scientific society founded in 1657 in Italy as an academy of experiment. Accademia del Cimento objective was to ensure that all scientific information had experimental evidence by creating well-equipped laboratories where scientist could virtually perform all experiments to avoid unnecessary speculations that marred scientific information.
The laboratory provided a platform where scientists from various places coordinated their research and exchanged scientific information that led to the publishing of laboratory manual, which later became very valuable during the 18th century.
The academy offered open membership to all scientists and became a center where scientific discussions occurred freely thus increased pool of scientific knowledge. Therefore, Accademia del Cimento represented a new form of scientific inquiry because they had well equipped laboratories for the inquiry and validation of earlier scientific information.
Academie des Sciences is a scientific academy founded in1666 with one prime objective of strengthening scientific research in France. The government of France established the academy to provide scientific center where scientists could meet and discuss various inventions and discoveries that were crucial in revolutionizing scientific research in France and Europe.
The academy encouraged the scientific research and did not allow political, social, and religious issues. Due to its extensive scientific research, the academy became research center in Europe where many scientists met to coordinate research and exchange scientific information that was vital for revolution of scientific studies in the 17th century.
The academy specialized in the fields of sciences such as mathematics, biology, physics, and chemistry. Specializing in these fields, the academy published diverse scientific materials that have provided an inquiry into the core of scientific knowledge and has become pillars in modern science.
Royal Society of London is an academy of science founded in 1660 with the objective of improving the study of natural sciences. The academy improved the development of modern science, as it became a center of excellence in Europe where great scientists met and exchanged scientific knowledge and thoughts, which propelled revolution of science.
Royal Society of London played a crucial role in enhancing free exchange of scientific information, coordination of research and publication of scientific information, which significantly revolutionized natural science and led to the establishment of modern science.
Currently, the academy has become the center for scientific excellence and inquiry in Europe because it advises the British government on the issues of scientific advancement. From the explication made above, it is clear that the need to strengthen natural science as an independent discipline led to the establishment of scientific societies moved stakeholders to initiate scientific societies in the Seventeenth Century.