Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability
Wang, Q., Cui, Y., Yogendranath, P., & Wang, N. (2018). Blood pressure and heart rate variability are linked with hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients. The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research, 35(10), 1329-1334.
The research method is the observation of patients and the description and recording of the indicators of the studied patients. The study is based on the measurement of daily fluctuations in hyperphosphatemia. According to Wang et al. (2018), the concept of the study is the relationship between circadian rhythms and the content of phosphate in the blood serum of patients. The information was collected in the early morning hours and at night; then, the analysis of the obtained data was carried out in the laboratory.
The study’s main conclusion is to establish a link between an increase in serum phosphorus levels and the mortality of patients with CKD. In particular, many deaths are associated with widespread calcification of the coronary and other arteries, which causes an increase in cardiovascular and overall mortality.
This study shows that hyperphosphatemia can delay or prevent chronic kidney disease. This is due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in patients with chronic renal failure. The study found that additional risk factors, mainly mineral and bone disorders (MCS), play an essential role in developing cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney pain. Phosphate retention and hyperphosphatemia play a vital role in the development of MCS in CKD.
Targeting Gastrointestinal Transport Proteins
Fouque, D., Vervloet, M., & Ketteler, M. (2018). Targeting gastrointestinal transport proteins to control hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease. Drugs, 78(15), 1171-1186.
The primary research method in this study was the comparative modeling of the action of two new drugs for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD. The study is based on a discussion of the mechanisms of action of drugs and their possible advantages; the variables in the survey are tenapanor and nicotinamide. The sample consists of the latest preclinical and clinical data on two candidates for a new class of drugs to treat hyperphosphatemia. Data collection is carried out by synthesizing the information obtained in various studies, and the analysis is carried out by comparing the effects of new and older drugs.
The study’s main conclusion is that the correction of only hyperphosphatemia in patients with CKD does not lead to stabilization of mineral and bone metabolism. According to Fouque et al. (2018), most of the drugs used to treat mineral disorders directly affect all three laboratory indicators of HPT: calcium, phosphorus, and PTH. Thus, the decision to use certain medications should be based on the data of a comprehensive assessment of trends in the level of calcium, phosphorus, and PTH in the blood.
The study emphasizes the importance of developing new effective treatment methods of hyperphosphatemia and examines the relationship between the diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia and the prevention of CKD.
Synthesis of Information from The Studies
All the researchers from the reviewed articles agree that the prospects that could contribute to more effective control of chronic kidney disease are associated with early diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia. Since it is one of the main complicating factors in the course of the disease, it is necessary to create new innovative drugs for more successful treatment and diagnosis.
Discussion of Use of The Gathered Literature
The literature collected in this work is evidence-based on the study’s central thesis: hyperphosphatemia can delay the onset of chronic kidney disease. The researchers from the above articles describe an immediate therapy that can prevent the onset of kidney failure. Also, most researchers claim that there are gaps in the treatment base for this disease, which indicates the need for new developments in this area.
Summary of Additional Information Needed from The Literature
It is impossible not to mention research funding, which may slow down the development of diagnostics and treatment in this area. According to Chaiyakittisopon et al. (2021), cheaper methods of treatment are being developed and potentially more effective, but more expensive methods are not properly studied.
References
Cozzolino, M., Ciceri, P., & Galassi, A. (2019). Hyperphosphatemia: A novel risk factor for mortality in chronic kidney disease. Annals of Translational Medicine, 7(3), 55-63.
Fouque, D., Vervloet, M., & Ketteler, M. (2018). Targeting gastrointestinal transport proteins to control hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease. Drugs, 78(15), 1171-1186.
Vervloet, M. G., & Ballegooijen, A. J. (2018). Prevention and treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney International, 93(5), 1060-1072.
Wang, Q., Cui, Y., Yogendranath, P., & Wang, N. (2018). Blood pressure and heart rate variability are linked with hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients. The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research, 35(10), 1329-1334.