Influence of Iron on the Pregnant Woman and the Fetus
Iron is an essential element that the body uses mainly for the synthesis of hemoglobin, as it is the substance that carries oxygen to organs and tissues. Its deficiency during pregnancy leads to a drop in hemoglobin in the blood and oxygen supply at the cellular level (Edwards et al., 2009). All biochemical processes are slowed down, and severe weakness, reduced immunity, and drowsiness occur. Prolonged iron deficiency leads to anemia, a disease characterized by the dystrophy of muscle tissues and skin, marked weakness and fatigue. The fact is that during pregnancy, the amount of blood increases dramatically. In the second trimester, the volume of blood flow increases by a third, and in the third – twice (Edwards et al., 2009). It signifies that iron in pregnancy is required in an increased dosage.
Products Containing Iron and Daily Intake
A person gets iron from food, but sometimes this is not enough. The primary sources of iron are red meat and by-products. Still, with a deficiency, expressed or latent, the body will not be able to absorb enough iron to eliminate the problem in the short term, and it is necessary to take iron-containing medications (Edwards et al., 2009). When the hemoglobin level has dropped insignificantly, it is realistic to replenish it by increasing the amount of meat. Another matter is that during pregnancy, anemia develops much faster than it can be compensated. Therefore, taking iron in a dosage of about 60mg is essential (Edwards et al., 2009). It will help reduce the risk of anemia and having a low birth weight baby. Moreover, a woman’s body becomes stronger and the fetus will develop properly.
The Function of DHA for the Body and Its Dosage
DHA has a critical role in pregnancy and the formation of almost all organs and systems of the newborn. It is an essential and irreplaceable fatty acid that is not synthesized in the human body and must be supplied daily from outside in sufficient and balanced amounts. It is discovered in walnuts, rapeseed oil, soy, chia, and flax seeds (Edwards et al., 2009). Moreover, DHA is in salmon, trout, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines. It has a significant impact on the brain formation and mental development of children. Sufficient intake is vital for the proper formation and development of the fetal CNS. It reduces the risk of possible fetal abnormalities and improves the well-being of women.
Daily Intake and Risks Reduction
is a structural component of the cells of the immune, nervous and cardiovascular systems, the retina, ensuring optimal functioning. According to the WHO, pregnant and lactating women need a daily intake of at least 300 mg of DHA (Edwards et al., 2009). There are two critical times in a baby’s development when it needs Omega-3 PUFAs: during fetal development and after birth until the development of the retina and brain is complete. The need for DHA in a pregnant woman’s body is exceptionally high when rapid fetal brain growth occurs. Taking the substance helps the proper development of the fetus and reduces the risk of abnormalities.
Folic Acid and its Lack during Pregnancy
Taking folic acid during pregnancy is recommended for all women. During pregnancy, especially in the first weeks, a woman’s body needs a large amount of this vitamin, which is necessary for the normal development of the fetus. Vitamin B9 is involved in numerous metabolic processes within the body, and its deficiency may lead to the development of pathological conditions for pregnant women and the fetus. It can lead to placental detachment, pregnancy termination or premature birth, and anemia (Edwards et al., 2009). While in regular times, the body’s need for it can still be covered with a balanced diet, it is almost impossible to do during pregnancy.
The Acid in Foods and its Dosage
Although it is impossible to completely fulfill the body’s need for folic acid with food, experts still recommend including them in the diet. The folic acid requirement during pregnancy increases by 200 mcg; women during this period are recommended to take folic acid at a dosage of 400 mcg/day (Edwards et al., 2009). The liver and peanuts contain the most significant amount of folic acid. Its concentration is slightly lower in beans, spinach, walnuts, and hazelnuts (Edwards et al., 2009). Even though these products contain healthy substances, additional intake is necessary for the mother’s well-being. It restores the immune system, supports heart and vascular function, and ensures pleasant pregnancy.
Reference
Edwards, J., Thomas, G., & Wyn-Davies, J. (2009). Nutrition for maternal and fetal wellbeing: folic acid and iron.British Journal of Midwifery, 17(9), 579-582.