Introduction
Disassociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a mental health condition surrounded by misconceptions and misunderstandings. Despite being recognized as a legitimate disorder by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), some individuals and healthcare professionals still question its validity, viewing it as a fabrication of individuals seeking attention or an excuse for their actions (Ring & Lawn, 2019). However, the scientific community has conducted extensive research to understand DID, and the results have shown that it is a natural and complex disorder that requires proper diagnosis and treatment (Sweeney et al., 2018). Research has linked childhood experiences to adult mental health, including the likelihood of developing DID (Adhvaryu et al., 2019). The DSM-5 self-rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure has been found reliable in identifying symptoms of mental health conditions, including DID (Bravo et al., 2018). Personality traits affect mental health treatment outcomes (Bucher et al., 2019). A holistic approach to mental health is needed, as mental disorders are part of a single dimension of psychopathology (Caspi & Moffitt, 2018). The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global mental health (Jakovljević et al., 2020), and relationships are essential in trauma-informed mental health services (Llewellyn-Beardsley et al., 2019). This paper examines the misconceptions surrounding DID and provides evidence from peer-reviewed journal articles supporting its validity as a mental health condition.
Adhvaryu, A., Fenske, J., & Nyshadham, A. (2019). Early life circumstance and adult mental health. Journal of Political Economy, 127(4), 1516–1549. Web.
Summary: Adhvaryu et al. (2019) examine the relationship between early life circumstances and adult mental health. The study uses data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey to analyze the impact of childhood events on adult mental health. The results show that adverse childhood experiences, such as abuse and neglect, significantly impact adult mental health and increase the likelihood of developing mental health conditions. This research underscores the crucial role of early life experiences in shaping adult mental health and highlights the importance of providing supportive and healing environments for individuals affected by trauma in childhood.
Assessment: This study provides essential information about the impact of childhood experiences on adult mental health, including the development of conditions like DID. Using a large, nationally representative sample strengthens the validity of the results. It highlights the widespread impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health. It supports the idea that adverse childhood experiences can have long-lasting effects on mental health and emphasizes the importance of early intervention and support for individuals affected by trauma.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of early intervention and support for individuals who have experienced trauma in childhood. Understanding the impact of childhood events on adult mental health is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for conditions like DID. Additionally, the study’s findings highlight the need for a more comprehensive and compassionate approach to mental health care that considers an individual’s entire life history and experiences. By addressing the root causes of mental health conditions, such as adverse childhood experiences, healthcare professionals can provide more effective and lasting support for individuals affected by DID and other mental health conditions.
Bravo, A. J., Villarosa-Hurlocker, M. C., Pearson, M. R., & Team, P. S. S. (2018). College student mental health: An evaluation of the DSM–5 self-rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure. Psychological Assessment, 30(10), 1382–1389. Web.
Summary: Bravo et al. (2018) evaluate the DSM-5 self-rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure of college student’s mental health. The study found that the DSM-5 measure was reliable and effective in identifying symptoms of mental health conditions in college students, including DID. The results showed that the action could distinguish between mental health conditions, emphasizing its utility in providing accurate and nuanced diagnoses. This research highlights the importance of using valid and reliable assessment tools in mental health care, especially for college students who may face unique challenges and stressors.
Assessment: This study provides substantial evidence of the validity of the DSM-5 self-rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure, widely used in mental health assessments. The results demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the measure in identifying symptoms of DID, which supports its validity as an actual mental health condition. Using this measure in a sample of college students highlights its potential utility in addressing this population’s unique mental health needs and ensuring that they receive proper and accurate care.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of accurate and effective assessment tools in diagnosing mental health conditions, including DID. Using a reliable and valid measure, such as the DSM-5 self-rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure, can help healthcare professionals make informed and accurate diagnoses, which is crucial for effective treatment. Additionally, the study’s findings emphasize the need for mental health assessments tailored to the unique needs of college students and consider the specific challenges and stressors this population faces.
Bucher, M. A., Suzuki, T., & Samuel, D. B. (2019). A meta-analytic review of personality traits and their associations with mental health treatment outcomes. Clinical Psychology Review, 70, 51–63. Web.
Summary: Bucher et al. (2019) conducted a meta-analytic review of the relationship between personality traits and mental health treatment outcomes. The study analyzed the results of previous research to determine the association between personality traits and the effectiveness of mental health treatment. The results showed that personality traits like neuroticism and openness were associated with better treatment outcomes in individuals with mental health conditions.
Assessment: This study provides essential information about the impact of personality traits on the effectiveness of mental health treatment. Using meta-analysis to synthesize previous research results strengthens the findings’ validity. It supports the idea that personality traits, including DID, are essential in treating mental health conditions and that considering these traits in treatment planning can improve outcomes for individuals with mental health conditions. These findings underscore the importance of considering each individual’s unique characteristics and experiences in developing effective mental health treatment plans.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of considering personality traits in treating mental health conditions. Understanding the relationship between personality traits and treatment outcomes can help healthcare professionals develop personalized and effective treatment plans for individuals with DID, improving their products and quality of life. Further, the use of meta-analysis in this study strengthens the validity of the findings, providing robust support for the importance of considering personality traits in mental health treatment. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive and individualized approach to mental health treatment, considering symptoms, personality traits, and individual experiences.
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018). All for one and one for all: Mental disorders in one dimension. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(9), 831–844. Web.
Summary: Caspi and Moffitt (2018) present a perspective on mental disorders as a single dimension. The authors argue that mental disorders, including DID, are not separate and distinct conditions but different expressions of a single underlying size of psychopathology. The authors support this perspective with evidence from previous research and suggest that this view can improve the understanding and treatment of mental health conditions.
Assessment: This article provides an interesting and innovative perspective on the nature of mental disorders, including DID. A substantial body of evidence supports the authors’ argument that mental disorders are part of a single dimension of psychopathology. It has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions. This understanding can inform the development of more integrated and effective treatment plans for individuals with DID.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of considering a holistic and integrated approach to mental health. The authors’ perspective that mental disorders are part of a single dimension of psychopathology suggests that healthcare professionals should consider the interrelated nature of mental health conditions and develop a more integrated approach to treatment, especially for diseases like DID, which have complex and interlinked symptoms.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. I. (2019). Constructing validity: New developments in creating objective measuring instruments. Psychological Assessment, 31(12), 1412–1427. Web.
Summary: Clark and Watson’s article (2019) provides insight into using objective measuring instruments in psychological assessments, including assessments for Disassociative Identity Disorder (DID). The authors review the latest advancements in constructing validity and emphasize the importance of using objective measures to improve the accuracy and validity of mental health assessments. The authors argue that objective criteria can provide more accurate and valid estimates, crucial for effectively treating mental health conditions, including DID. The article offers important information for mental health professionals and highlights the significance of using accurate and valid assessments to diagnose and treat mental health conditions.
Assessment: In this article, Clark and Watson (2019) provide valuable insights into the development of objective measuring instruments for psychological assessments. The authors highlight the importance of using objective measures to improve the accuracy and validity of mental health assessments, including evaluations for DID. The authors’ argument is supported by a robust body of evidence and has significant implications for diagnosing and treating mental health conditions. This article is a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and researchers who aim to improve the accuracy and validity of mental health assessments.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of accurate and valid assessments in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions, including DID. The use of objective measures can improve the accuracy and validity of reviews, which is crucial for effective treatment.
Goularte, J. L. L., Serafim, S., Colombo, R., Hogg, B., Caldieraro, M. a. K., & Rosa, A. R. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health in Brazil: Psychiatric symptoms in the general population. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 132, 32–37. Web.
Summary: Goularte et al. (2021) examine the impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Brazil. The study analyzed the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in the general population during the pandemic. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had significantly impacted mental health, with increased symptoms such as anxiety and depression.
Assessment: This study provides essential information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, including the development of conditions like DID. Using a large sample from the general population strengthens the validity of the results. It supports the idea that the pandemic has significantly impacted mental health.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of addressing the impact of significant events, such as pandemics, on mental health. The results of this study suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial effect on mental health, including the development of conditions like DID. It is essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of this impact and to provide appropriate support and treatment for individuals affected by the pandemic.
Jakovljević, M., Bjedov, S., Jakšić, N., & Jakovljevic, I. M. (2020). Covid-19 pandemia and public and global mental health from the perspective of global health security. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(1), 6–14. Web.
Summary: Jakovljević et al. (2020) explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global mental health from a security perspective. The authors analyze the effects of the pandemic on public mental health and the implications for global health security. The authors argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health and highlighted the importance of addressing public mental health as a matter of international security.
Assessment: This article provides essential information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global mental health and its implications for global security. The authors’ argument that public mental health should be considered a matter of international security is supported by substantial evidence. It has important implications for developing policies and interventions to address the impact of the pandemic on mental health.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of considering the impact of significant events, such as pandemics, on public and global mental health. The authors’ perspective that public mental health should be viewed as a matter of international security suggests that it is essential for policymakers and healthcare professionals to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and to develop strategies to support individuals affected by the pandemic.
Llewellyn-Beardsley, J., Rennick-Egglestone, S., Callard, F., Crawford, P., Farkas, M., Hui, A., Manley, D., McGranahan, R., Pollock, K., Ramsay, A., Sælør, K. T., Wright, N., & Slade, M. (2019). Characteristics of mental health recovery narratives: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLOS ONE, 14(3), e0214678. Web.
Summary: Llewellyn-Beardsley et al. (2019) conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of mental health recovery narratives. The authors analyzed the characteristics of mental health recovery narratives and the factors contributing to recovery from mental health conditions, including DID. The results showed that mental health recovery is a complex and individualized process influenced by various factors, including social support, access to healthcare, and the individual’s sense of agency and control over their recovery.
Assessment: This study provides essential information about the factors contributing to mental health recovery, including recovery from DID. Using a systematic review and narrative synthesis strengthens the validity of the findings and supports the idea that mental health recovery is a complex and individualized process.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of understanding the factors contributing to mental health recovery, including recovery from DID. The results of this study suggest that mental health recovery is influenced by a range of factors, including social support, access to healthcare, and the individual’s sense of agency and control over their recovery. This information can inform the development of more effective and personalized treatment plans for individuals with DID and improve their outcomes and quality of life.
Ring, D., & Lawn, S. (2019). Stigma perpetuation at the interface of mental health care: A review to compare patient and clinician perspectives of stigma and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Mental Health, 1–21. Web.
Summary: Ring and Lawn (2019) review the perpetuation of stigma in mental health care, focusing on borderline personality disorder. The authors compare the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on the stigma associated with mental health conditions, including DID. The results showed that stigma is a pervasive problem in mental health care and can significantly impact the lives of individuals with mental health conditions.
Assessment: This study provides essential information about the perpetuation of stigma in mental health care and its impact on individuals with mental health conditions, including DID. Using a review to compare the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals strengthens the validity of the findings. It supports the idea that stigma is a pervasive problem in mental health care.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of addressing the perpetuation of stigma in mental health care, including the stigma associated with DID. The results of this study suggest that stigma is a pervasive problem in mental health care and can significantly impact the lives of individuals with mental health conditions. It is essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of this impact and to develop strategies to address and reduce stigma in mental health care.
Sweeney, A., Filson, B., Kennedy, A., Collinson, L., & Gillard, S. (2018). A paradigm shift: Relationships in trauma-informed mental health services. BJPsych Advances, 24(5), 319–333. Web.
Summary: Sweeney et al. (2018) discuss the importance of relationships in trauma-informed mental health services. The authors argue that a trauma-informed approach to mental health services, which emphasizes the importance of relationships and a supportive environment, can improve the outcomes and quality of life of individuals with mental health conditions, including DID. The authors provide examples and recommendations for implementing a trauma-informed approach to mental health services.
Assessment: This article provides essential information about the importance of relationships and a supportive environment in treating mental health conditions, including DID. A substantial body of evidence supports the authors’ argument that a trauma-informed approach to mental health services can improve outcomes. It has important implications for developing effective and compassionate treatment plans for individuals with DID.
Reflection: This article highlights the importance of a trauma-informed approach to mental health services, including treating DID. A substantial body of evidence supports the authors’ perspective that a supportive environment and strong relationships are crucial for effective treatment. It has important implications for developing compassionate and effective treatment plans for individuals with DID.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the misconceptions surrounding Disassociative Identity Disorder (DID) have been challenged by the evidence presented in this paper. The ten peer-reviewed journal articles were analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the validity of DID as a natural and severe mental health condition. The studies highlight the impact of childhood experiences, the reliability of self-assessment measures, the role of personality traits in treatment outcomes, the importance of considering a holistic approach to mental health, and the impact of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Additionally, the findings support the importance of addressing the perpetuation of stigma in mental health care and the role of relationships and a supportive environment in ineffective treatment. These findings support the idea that DID is a natural and severe mental health condition and that healthcare professionals should provide appropriate support and treatment for individuals affected by DID. The scientific community must continue to invest in research to understand DID better and provide evidence-based support and treatment for individuals affected by this condition.
References
Adhvaryu, A., Fenske, J., & Nyshadham, A. (2019). Early life circumstance and adult mental health. Journal of Political Economy, 127(4), 1516–1549. Web.
Bravo, A. J., Villarosa-Hurlocker, M. C., Pearson, M. R., & Team, P. S. S. (2018). College student mental health: An evaluation of the DSM–5 self-rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure. Psychological Assessment, 30(10), 1382–1389. Web.
Bucher, M. A., Suzuki, T., & Samuel, D. B. (2019). A meta-analytic review of personality traits and their associations with mental health treatment outcomes. Clinical Psychology Review, 70, 51–63. Web.
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018). All for one and one for all: Mental disorders in one dimension. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(9), 831–844. Web.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. I. (2019). Constructing validity: New developments in creating objective measuring instruments. Psychological Assessment, 31(12), 1412–1427. Web.
Goularte, J. L. L., Serafim, S., Colombo, R., Hogg, B., Caldieraro, M. a. K., & Rosa, A. R. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health in Brazil: Psychiatric symptoms in the general population. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 132, 32–37. Web.
Jakovljević, M., Bjedov, S., Jakšić, N., & Jakovljevic, I. M. (2020). Covid-19 pandemia and public and global mental health from the perspective of global health security. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(1), 6–14. Web.
Llewellyn-Beardsley, J., Rennick-Egglestone, S., Callard, F., Crawford, P., Farkas, M., Hui, A., Manley, D., McGranahan, R., Pollock, K., Ramsay, A., Sælør, K. T., Wright, N., & Slade, M. (2019). Characteristics of mental health recovery narratives: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLOS ONE, 14(3), e0214678. Web.
Ring, D., & Lawn, S. (2019). Stigma perpetuation at the interface of mental health care: A review to compare patient and clinician perspectives of stigma and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Mental Health, 1–21. Web.
Sweeney, A., Filson, B., Kennedy, A., Collinson, L., & Gillard, S. (2018). A paradigm shift: Relationships in trauma-informed mental health services. BJPsych Advances, 24(5), 319–333. Web.