Abstract
Post structuralism is a reasonable or philosophical situation, which challenges the exaggerated optimistic and collective systematic pretensions and consistency. The society should give credit to its representatives in spite of the gender. Education is generally the major backbone in post structuralism. This paper looks at the effects of post structuralism in the modern day society.
Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, Baudrillard and Deleuze evolved post structuralism in France in early 1960s. It provides an exact reasonable or philosophical situation, which challenges the exaggerated optimistic and collective systematic pretensions and consistency. Post structuralisms can generally be understood as a body of diverse responses to structuralism (Rajan, & O’Driscoll, 2002).
It suggests that a literary text does not only have a single meaning and purpose but readers for a particular text create a new meaning and purpose. Post structuralism is also applicable in many fields, for instance psychology where we get postmodern psychology, which implies that the modern approach of psychology relies on different methodologies unlike the use of a single approach (Browning, Halcli, & Webster, 2000).
Post structuralism has significantly come in handy, in the modern world since everything done and practised is faced with a lot of scrutiny. (Rajan, & O’Driscoll, 2002).In this research paper, different areas that have had an influence from post structuralism have been discussed.
Education is one area that has benefitted from post structuralism, since everything that is taught and learnt is dealt with extensively, hence the availability of qualified personnel in every field.
Education is taught in comprehensive ways, thus a large number of specialised people who in return give outstanding performance in their different fields of specialisation. In engineering for instance, nuclear research has been successfully done and is benefiting the society. Engineering courses tend to interrelate and individuals can fair well in a field they did not specialise in.
Flexibility capability acts as an advantage to both the employers and the employees, in that the employer has an advantage in case of technological changes, since they have well trained personnel with broad areas of work experience. Employees can also easily get employment or a raise in their income due to their ability to work in various fields.
Qualifications for persons taking these courses are diversified. For example, a person cannot qualify for a particular course having had a pass in a single subject or field. Reading for instance has been viewed as culturally, historically located and socially practised in modern days. Post structuralism in teaching can be regarded as critical in the modern world since it is diversified and ideas are used in respect to the way they are expressed or brought to existence (Browning, Halcli, & Webster, 2000).
In learning, students are made to understand that when dealing with a particular text, they derive a personal meaning from it and bring out a personal approach, which is known to bring about a meaning which at long last tends to be similar with others conducted by other individuals. Post structuralism was used to encourage students to reflect decisively on the type of action they are occupied with rather than the action itself (Rajan, & O’Driscoll, 2002).
They were not only supposed to read and learn but also know how and why they involved themselves in the activity. Consciousness was therefore brought in the thinking and learning processes of students and their individual ability enhanced (Browning, Halcli, & Webster, 2000). Students ability to draw attention to the plurality of a given texts encourages the possibility of numerous readings.
The ability to differentiate the contents of particular texts’ and give their analysis, such as the student’s ability to make gaps amid words or phrases detectable and available for analysis, is eminent in the modern world. Students are in a better position to issue, highlight and adjust problems affecting their reading towards a satisfactory solution in today’s fields of learning.
Post structuralisms over the years have made major impacts in matters to do with guidance and counselling and have helped in improving the psychological aspects of the society. Post structuralism is known for its outstanding respect for gender, ethics, culture and dynamics of individual thoughts and conclusions.
Understanding of how leaders govern, sexuality of each person and our mental health, gives every person new avenues of approaching the way they think in relation to themselves (Meller & Patterson, 2004). Numerous assumptions, which were avoided and taken-for-granted are now taken to account and have proven to be of high importance in the modern social sciences.
Confession is perceived to ease the load in oneself and is known to be a form of expressing the inner self; it should be taken as method which helps to reduce and to a certain extents, abolish loads in the hearts of many- thus giving them a stress free environment. The research illustrates that post structuralism helps individuals through counselling sessions by learning how they can manage to shape and mould their lives as they make their own choices in life.
Post structuralism is a body that deals with diverse fields of human understanding, and have no end. In simple words, it goes as far as infinity because the facts that people tend to think they know and are aware; can be addressed and deviated to represent other fields. The differences among individuals always takes place and can eventually lead to ethnic differences, thus affecting the running of a particular nation or region.
Human beings have unique identities and their degree of reaction differ from one another. For instance, one cannot generalise why people study or fall under one field of specialisation because the individuals have different independent reasons as to why they fall under a certain category.
Post structuralism as regards feminism provides a new manifestation of how power is supposed by the society (Peters, 2001). Power should be viewed as a production maximisation tool and not just an instrument of representing fellow people.
Power representation in the society tends to have a very large proportion in men and women. In regards to leadership or any managerial position in any given society or institution, gender difference is not supposed to arise since it has no significance in reference to the degree of competency of the individuals.
The society should give credit to its representatives in spite of the gender. Sexual discrimination should be regarded as outdated in the modern society since the level of our understanding and decision making have generally taken a positive angle.
Women in the society should be given a chance to exercise their rights (Peters, 2001). Certain research indicates that women fail to prevail where men have prevailed due to their natural personality. Women tend to reject opportunities in academics and other fields because they are supposed to look after their children.
The number of women involving themselves in education decrease as one climbs the ladder, that is from under graduate to PhD. Women also play little part in the male dominance in the managerial or leadership positions since they view the positions as excessively challenging for them. They find it difficult to divide their attentions between their families and their line of duty (Peters, 2001).
Self-esteem is a contributing factor when it comes to leadership qualities. Women’s self-esteem is usually low as compared to that of men. Post structuralism can be used effectively to explain feminism. Marriage depicts supremacy as shown by feminism because women would not appreciate spouses with lower education standards than themselves (Besley, & Edwards, 2005). Consequently, men are generally opposed to marrying women who are more educated than they are or have higher managerial positions than they do.
The gap between the male and female genders can be summarised in two forms, namely, internal and external effects. The internal effects are the ones implied by a person on him/herself. Examples are family matters and little self-esteem. External effects, on the other hand are the ones that discriminates individuals because of their gender.
Post structuralism has affected human beings in very many ways and forms. The mode of thinking and decision-making before the introduction of the latter can be termed as simply limited (Besley, & Edwards, 2005).
The degree of thinking was very narrow since people did not read between the lines because they over relied on facts which were later proven to have deeper and diversified meanings. The society was also regarded as highly judgemental since second thoughts or scrutinised ideas never took place. In modern world, the society has come up with diverse habits of dealing with ideas.
There are numerous ways of dealing with issues and the issues, which were ignored or viewed as having no significance have been found useful. There have been an increment in flexibility, thus issues are gladly viewed differently and hence the suitable choice of action is taken. Post structuralism can therefore be termed as an effect that makes humans or the society to have a deeper mode of thinking when handling all kinds of issues, so as to achieve a perfect judgement (Besley, & Edwards, 2005).
Human beings benefit greatly through post structuralism since it broadens their thinking and decision-making. It helps in the development of an optimistic view of the world and the things entailed in it. Post structuralism has had a significant role in the achievements made so far to date and the ones that are continually made each day (Meller, & Patterson, 2004). Education is generally the major backbone in post structuralism.
The modes that are used to teach during the current days are of high quality and significance. The nature of the teaching materials is also advanced. The numbers of students willing to learn and willing to further their education even to higher levels such as PhD are increasing day after day.
Managerial or higher job positions are awarded to the ones with higher education qualifications in the modern world, hence the need to further education arises and many are following their ambitions and dreams (Meller, & Patterson, 2004).
Production of highly skilled personnel to keep pace with the undying growth in technology results from improved education personnel and facilities that are in the modern educational institutions. Technology is one of the fields that have adversely benefited from post structural existence in the modern world. Introduction of machinery to reduce the work force in companies and organisations is a clear prove of how invention and innovation have prevailed in the modern society.
Communication and transportation have been so efficient as a result of the high level of education facilities to facilitate the learning and graduating of highly qualified workers who can either specialise in a certain field or have several areas of specialisation (Meller, & Patterson, 2004). As a result of having more technical courses being taught theoretically and practically, the social amenities produced or constructed are at a friendlier position to the society.
Moral and social being has also improved with time. Peoples respect for one another regardless of their race, origin, ethnic group, religion, gender, and other individual reasons is increasing considerably in the modern world. General social acceptance of individuals in different regions of the world is common in almost or in every modernised part of the world.
Post structuralism has also shown an outstanding improvement or change towards gender discrimination. Marriage depicts supremacy as shown by feminism because women would not appreciate spouses with lower education standards than themselves (Sloan Career Cornerstone Centre, n.d). Consequently, men are generally opposed to marrying women who are more educated than they are or have higher managerial positions than they do.
In regards to leadership or any managerial position in any given society or institution, gender difference is not supposed to arise since it has no significance in reference to the degree of competency of the individuals. The society should give credit to its representatives in spite of the gender.
Sexual discrimination should be regarded a thing of the past in the modern society since the level of our understanding and decision making have generally taken a positive angle. The women in the society should be given a chance to exercise their rights (Meller, & Patterson, 2004). Power should be viewed as a production maximisation tool and not just an instrument for representing fellow people (Sass, 2008).
Findings
Post structuralism was used to encourage students to reflect decisively on the type of action they are occupied with rather than the action itself. They were not only supposed to read and learn but also know how and why they were involving themselves in the activity. Consciousness was therefore brought in the thinking and learning processes of students and their individual ability enhanced. Students ability to draw attention to the plurality of a given texts significances and the possibility of numerous readings.
The ability to differentiate the contents of particular texts’ and give their analysis, such as the student’s ability to make gaps amid words or phrases detectable and available for analysis, is eminent in the modern world. Students are in a better position to issue, highlight and adjust problems affecting their reading towards a satisfactory solution in today’s fields of learning.
Implications and improvements in humans
The research has very significant importance in illustrating the changes brought about or realised because of post structuralism. Its importance is highlighted in the previous pages of this research paper.
The ways in which changes are brought in existence in human beings by the introduction of post structuralism is also high and in positive direction as illustrated in the paper research. This particular research on post structuralism in modern day society leads to a conclusion that the latter have helped so much in the improvement of the livelihoods of the society.
The current life situation can be credited to various fields, from the improved levels of education, acknowledgement of gender equalities, and technological advancement to improved moral and social responsibility. Post structuralism is also applicable in many fields for instance psychology where we get postmodern psychology, which implies that, the modern approach of psychology relies on different methodologies unlike the use of a single approach.
References
Besley.A.C., & Edwards, R.G. (2005). Editorial Poststructuralism and the impact of the work of Michel Foucault in counselling and guidance. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 33(3), 277-281.
Browning, G. K., Halcli, A., & Webster. A. (2000). Understanding contemporary society: theories of the present. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
Meller, B., & Patterson, A. (2004). Post structuralism in English classrooms: Critical literacy and after. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 17(1), 83-98.
Peters, M. A. (2001). Post structuralism, Marxism, and neoliberalism: Between theory and politics. Journal of psychology, 33 (3), 277-281
Rajan, T., & O’Driscoll, M. J. (2002). After post structuralism: writing the intellectual history of theory. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press
Sass, L.A. (2008). Michel Foucault and the contradictions of modern thought. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 28 (2), 323-335.
Sloan Career Cornerstone Center. (n.d). Nuclear Engineering Overview. Austin, TX: Sloan Career Cornerstone Centre.
Taylor & Francis. (2010). Bridging the gap: weaving humanism and poststructuralist. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 38 (2), 167-178.