Introduction
A person’s health ranges from the social, environmental, and economic status. Behaviors are the main determinants of the health status of several people. On the other hand, behavior change models include three types of beliefs that affect the behavior of an individual. Some of the behavior change models are normative, behavioral, and controlled. A normative belief is a common belief held by many people about a particular health issue (La Barbera & Ajzen, 2020). Control involves a belief assumed by few people in the population regarding consumption of particular products while behavioral lifestyles are everyday activities that are determines one’s values and are shaped by social-economic and cultural contexts (Stoll-Kleemann, 2019). An example of social-economic behavioral change involves limited food choices as a result of low income.
Procedures involved in designing and implementing well-being promotion campagns
Well-being Behaviors to Promote
When coming up with a health promotion campaign, it is essential to describe health behaviour one intends to promote in detailed form. The health issue that requires upgrades must be widespread within the population, or it’s an upcoming effect that will have a mass health effect. For instance, cigarettes smoking and are stress are social-economic behavioral changes among individuals. Both cigarettes and stress affect many people in the population, with some having no way to a solution. In contrast, like cigarette smokers, others cannot afford treatment for lung cancer or rehabilitation. Such health issues would attract a large crowd, and many will benefit. Few people would avail themselves at the health centres to get help in handling stress.
Moreover, not all health problems are known to be treatable by the public. Various people live with multiple health issues, but they lack adequate health information to help them diagnose the problem. Hence the selected health problem needs educative too.
Reason for People to Choose the Behavior
There are varied reasons why people reach a particular decision that affects their health status. Analyzing possible reasons for the health issue that needs promotion would determine the best solution for the public without changing much of their lifestyles which might be problematic. When coming up with a health campaign, one should consider the environmental factors such as the atmosphere of the family and the strength of restrictions which also reflects adherence to society’s laws. Some unhealthy results result from cash crops grown in the area, so it is paramount to consider substitutes for the customers. Some might be addicts and cannot cease consuming the products when conducting a health campaign. In other areas, people tend to be high consumers of alcohol to the extent of developing health complications.
The Target Audience
The campaign should consider the target’s way of life because no one will be interested since it touches no one’s lifestyle. The movement must have a precise aim for the target group before launching it to the public. For example, there are disorders, diseases, or lifestyles familiar to people working in different departments in an industrial setup. From expectations, casual workers suffer from ailments or conditions that involve too much work, like lifting heavy luggage or operating heavy machinery. In contrast, managers and supervisors suffer from sleep-related diseases and stress from non-cooperating workers. Therefore, the target group will pay attention when addressing an issue that touches their lifestyles. Other seat ups like in towns comprise people from different livelihoods with different lifestyles and health problems. The unhealthy practices differ with age, gender, and eating habits. It is worth noting that towns may have few older people while the population of young ones is exceptionally high. The people of women in the whole world are tall compared to men, implying that there are so many women in towns compared to men. The number of obesity among ladies in urban centres is alarming because of reduced heavy work.
Expectations of the Outcome
The campaign’s expectations should aim to improve people’s lifestyles and reduce the number of patients in hospitals. Suppose that the target group is the people living with stress. Before coming up with the idea of the campaign program, one was sure as to why the campaign was needed either there was a high number of people in the health centre complaining of a common health issue. It was a newly discovered illness that people need to be aware of to keep safe from the sickness. The campaign’s outcome reflected fewer people ailing from the targeted ailment. The statistics records are stipulated health centres’ disease. Some campaign outcomes may fail to reflect for a considerable period since the effects are long-lasting. To give an idea, a campaign against the use of certain foods and drinks liketea and drugs takes time tea since several addicts are doing self-rehabilitation instead of getting constant help from a skilled medical practitioner.
Barriers Forcing the Audience to Make the Choices
Health choices might challenge people if they lack enough health education about a particular lifestyle. Many people have scanty information concerning the repercussions of their current lifestyle. People are predisposed to health centres only when they have a health challenge, but few gravitate towards health research. Uncountable contagions result from little understanding of health concerns.
Effect of the Desired Behavior on the Target Group
Many patients will enjoy long life spans that promote healthy behaviour. The desired health behaviour would help the victims live comfortably without minding the health issues that make their bodies uncomfortable. The target audience would benefit from their resources to channel sickness or unfavourable lifestyle.
Reason for the Audience Failing to Adopt the Desired Behavior
Though the campaign aims at the mass well-being of the people, some or a considerable number of the population might be reluctant to deviate from their usual lifestyles. So many people are less concerned with such campaigns following depressions arising from unfavourable economies. Some have choices in their lives while others have. The most extensive number comprises people who do not have a wide range of options in their lives. Others might find it difficult as much as the adoption of their bodies to the living circumstances.
Aids to the Campaign
For the campaign to be recognized by the public quickly, partnering with a company that has won public trust in its products would make the work easier. Several companies compete to deliver the best products and, after all, make a lot of sales. In contrast, others do not struggle too much with advertisements or campaigns, yet their sales are incredibly high. Such companies are good to partner with within the movement.
Campaign Statement
Finally, the drafted campaign statement should be brief, easily understood, and tailored to the targeted group. A clear message would reach even the targeted people who are not interested. Significantly, a campaign statement that obnoxiously touches no one’s life edge would be pleasing and attractive to hear more often.
Means to Deliver the Message
Campaigns are conducted in various ways depending on whether an organization considers its financial factors and business policy. Some methods are cheap while others are expensive, and in some cases, the effect of the expenditure hits the organization’s financial strategies. The chosen means of message delivery should be universal and favourable to the public. For example, an immoral way of delivering the message would drive even the current public trust away. More importantly, the means used should not affect the organization’s operations.
Evaluation of Theoretical Perspectives Related to Health Promotion
Medical approach
The approach aims to free from disease and disorders that are clarified medically. Some of the conditions are heart disease and cancer. It focuses on intervening medical applications that ameliorate health ailments. Most likely, the persuasive method works better for people to accept, for instance, cancer or high blood pressure screening, because early treatments can save a life. This approach is more of a preventive measure for various disorders. It gives physicians a chance to see that the diagnosed patients comply with stipulated medical procedures and the recommended solutions.
Behavioral Change
This approach establishes its claims on the effects of people adopting a suggested behaviour and attitude change. The process argues that health professionals are mainly concerned with promoting a difference in the patient’s behaviour that has rendered one sick and advocate healthy lifestyles that have no effects on the patient. For instance, a person who has smoked cigarettes for a long time would find it hard to stop smoking since the impact is engrossed in the body functions though it has far-reaching consequences.
Educational approach
This approach aims to provide people with information to make informed decisions and apply the necessary preventive measures. The data is available to people to explore their values in the most appropriate forms. The educational approach encourages people to accept change, for example, due to mutating bacteria and other diseases causing micro-organisms. It is the health professionals’ interest to educate people to reduce the rate of sickness.
Client-centered approach
The approach involves the health practitioners working with the patients to diagnose the disease or to help them recover according to their values and interests. The health professionals provide the most suitable remedies with immediate effect and practical actions to help the client recover from the ailment. All clients are viewed equal and empowered more often to facilitate trust in the changes that will bring a cure. Here, the physician’s knowledge, abilities, and skills are absolutely the way to better results.
Societal change
Sometimes health professionals find it impossible or challenging to change the behaviour of the patients. Hence the only solution remains modification of one social environment for good health to be attained. The approach needs the practitioners to value their democratic rights to change the society and be determined to address the health issues in the political agenda at paramount levels that will change the environment for better health rather than self-interests.
Discuss how Health Campaigns are Evaluated and Outcomes Measured
Health campaigns collect data from the public, document them, and then evaluate them later. A good evaluation shows changes before drafting the implementation program. When carrying out an evaluation program for a health campaign, it is essential to consider the target needs of the audience, time frame, and goals. The public has adopted various measures to prevent or cope with various diseases and disorders. Such actions are useful in evaluating the outcomes of health campaigns. Below are some of the public health measures that can be used the determine health campaign outcomes;
Data collected from the audience includes
- Demographic data: for example, age, ethnicity, native language, level of education, and gender.
- Biological markers: weight index (BMI), BP, cholesterol, and height.
- Health status: for instance, stress, risk factors, injury, and disabilities.
- Medical history: for instance, the number of times one has visited a doctor, the number of hospitalization cases, and how often is medicine consumption?
Outcome measures
- Number of audiences who turned up
- Number of audiences who accepted the assessment
- Number of those who followed up after the campaign
- Number of patients who enrolled in a treatment program
- Number of education materials presented to the public
- Number of leading participants in the campaign
- Number of people who were aware of the campaign
- Policies employed in the campaign
- Staff who conducted the campaign
- Resources used
References
Stoll-Kleemann, S. (2019). Feasible options for behavior change toward more effective ocean literacy: a systematic review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 273.
La Barbera, F., & Ajzen, I. (2020). Control interactions in the theory of planned behavior: Rethinking the role of subjective norm. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 401.