Introduction
Various things can predispose a person to mental health and psychological issues that cause misconduct. Definitely, emotional disorders and conditions that interfere with the normal regulation of the mood. Mood disorders are the most common mental illness, with a prevalence of 17% in the United States (Selvaraj et al, 2021, p.1). They include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Compared with behavioral disorders, conditions that impair a person’s ability to control impulses and focus, and may lead to overactivity. They include anxiety, pervasive developmental malfunctions, and dissociative and disruptive actions. Although there is a wide array of risk factors, including genetics, occupation, perinatal environment, gender, life stressors, physical health, and use of chemical substances, people are often exposed to multiple predisposing factors for each condition.
Depression
Life stressors and genetics are the most common risks for a person developing this condition. The patients often present with low moods, hopelessness, and feelings of inadequacy. There are often hereditary connections where people with close relatives suffering from the disorder are at a higher risk of suffering the same (O’Donohue & Zimmermann, 2021).
Poverty, where an individual lacks basic needs such as food and shelter, may, in some cases, increase the chances of developing intense stress. In addition, women tend to be more predisposed to depressive symptoms compared to their male counterparts. Moreover, environmental stress at work, school, or home can trigger this illness.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
The state involves severe emotional fluctuations that may impact how a person relates to others. The most definite risk factor is being a woman of childbearing age, as the issue is associated with the unique monthly periods of females (Ferguson, 2023). Physical conditions such as fibroid disease, which affects the womb, intensify the emotional disturbance. The changes often last a week, after which the person becomes normal. Hormonal changes during the premenstrual period are partly responsible for the signs and the restoration to normalcy.
Dissociative and Conversion
People suffering from the disorder disconnect from essential aspects of their lives and may fail to maintain hygiene or daily routines. The first risk factor is neurological conditions, which affect the nervous system and can lead a person to appear to have lost touch with reality (O’Donohue & Zimmermann, 2021).
Furthermore, people who abuse certain drugs and alcohol are highly predisposed. For example, tremors and blurred eyesight are typical for people who drink excessive alcohol. They can even have a hangover, making them act differently than they would if they were sober. The problems tend to intensify for people without social support and stable families. Late treatment onset is another detrimental factor that exacerbates manifestations.
Anxiety
It is a situation in which an individual has intense panic attacks and fears that something terrible will happen. Genetics and other mental health conditions, such as major depression, are risk elements. In addition, there are substances such as tobacco, cocaine, and other stimulants that may lead to anxiety, especially once a person is addicted. For instance, consuming lorazepam and haloperidol can make the individual develop anxiousness due to hallucinations and illusions where the individual sees or hears things in their head (Henning et al., 2019).
People who experience traumatic disorders and almost die have an increased risk of developing the condition. The other likelihood of anxiety depends on the attachment style that a child develops, such as ambivalent and insecure. Thus, in most cases, multiple aspects of a person’s life expose them to the risk of intense anxiety.
Inattentive, Hyperactive, and Impulsive Behaviors
The symptoms may be more intense in children, who may find it difficult to concentrate in class. In adults, there is impulsivity, in which an individual reacts to situations rather than being objective in seeking solutions. Early-life stressors, including childhood adversity, influence an individual’s programming, leading to behavioral anomalies (Cooke et al., 2019). For example, maternal adverse experiences such as physical abuse while pregnant can heighten the potential of their fetus having specific misbehaviors.
Antisocial Personality
The behavioral condition manifests as a lack of regard for social norms and infringes on others’ rights, with no remorse. Young people may demonstrate this behavior through bullying, while adults may become recidivists. Notably, “the effects of substance abuse among adolescents highly correlate with anti-social behaviors such as armed robbery, prostitution, rape, and gang formation and others which rip millions of dollars from the country’s budget” (Wilson, 2020).
Moreover, prenatal and postnatal factors, such as poor-quality caregiving, may negatively affect how a person views the world, leading to disregard for others. Genetics, life stressors, and parenting styles can affect how a person associates with others. For example, some children are born into terrorist families and get indoctrinated early in life. As a result, they lose their sense of human value and engage in behavioral misconduct.
Conclusion
Many risk factors can lead to the development of behavioral and emotional disorders, including stressors, parental upbringing, genetics, substance abuse, trauma, and attachment. In most cases, people with the disease are triggered by a combination of predisposing factors. Moreover, a person may manifest more than one of the conditions at any given time. Understanding the causative agent may help the client and their therapist understand the client and help them overcome the challenges. Educating caregivers is a good way to prevent some diseases, since they are transmitted from mothers and the environment.
References
Cooke, J. E., Racine, N., Plamondon, A., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2019). Maternal adverse childhood experiences, attachment style, and mental health: Pathways of transmission to child behavior problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 93(1), 27-37.
Henning, A., Kurtom, M., & Espiridion, E. D. (2019). A case study of acute stimulant-induced psychosis. Cureus, 11(2), 1-8.
O’Donohue, W., & Zimmermann, M. (Eds). (2021). Handbook of evidence-based prevention of behavioral disorders in integrated care: A stepped care approach. Springer Nature.
Selvaraj, S., Brambilla, P., & Soares, J. C. (2021). Mood disorders: Brain imaging and therapeutic implications. Cambridge University Press.
Wilson, J. (2020). Effects of substance abuse on anti-social behaviors of youth in Accra. GRIN Verlag.