Japan and Spartacus are two early civilizations of the world. They had a well-formed and developed system of governance that had brought about other organizations like the social organization. Hermeneutics is a method of understanding human actions and it can be well incorporated to explain the social science of a particular community.
The two societies are different in that between the two civilizations, the Spartans were more involved in military activities unlike the Japan society who were more involved in their work. Various context of the organization have to be looked at and interpreted to be able to understand the social science of a particular society.. All these social considerations are instrumental in defining the social organization of a given society (Collins, 2005).
The Spartans religion was the same that was practiced in the whole of Greece. The name of their god was Zeus and sacrifices were offered to him and praise too. The worship was done in temple and Spartans at times joined cults to offer their praise to Zeus. The sacrifices and religious duties were carried out by priests and priestesses.
Religious beliefs in Japan date back to 712 A.D where it is believed the two descendants from heaven Izanagi and Izamani created the island of Japan. They two came bearing supernatural forces called deities that they used to create rivers, lakes and seas. The story forms the mythological origin of Japan. However, the Buddhist religion that came in the later years spreading from China and Korea became the dominant religion in this society and is still commonly followed (Whitby, 2002).
The influence of religion to the community was undeniably strong as it was applioed in every ascpect of life,.for battles to take players sacrifices had to be made in spartan society. Religion is ussually seen as a guide to the behaviours or traits that people portray in society, an ascpect that is even today obsered. Which ever religion that any society follows should be able to accommodate others because it is sometimes the cause of conflict in the modern society.
Culture was also a big player when it came on how the society relate with each other. Socially these two civilizations had a caste system as the Spartans were the highest in the ranking for the system while in Japan society the emperor was the highest in the caste system. The two civilizations also had a similarity when it came to social leadership a royal family existed in both and mode of acquisition to power was hereditary.
Both this society were mainly had a high apprehension of farming in their social structure with a very big part of their population been farmers. However when it comes to treatment of individuals by the warriors in the caste system, there was difference in the sense that the samurai would kill anyone who they considered inferior to them.
Treatment of the people in the low caste system was arguably the same; the lowest people in the caste system were mistreated by the individuals in the higher caste system. Mistreatment ranged from been forced to drink wine which was considered bad for human health among the Spartacus and been forced to live in the ghetto in Japan society (Hooker, 1996).
The culture of a society forms the bases of what the society believes, oppression of people who are deemed of a lower class in the society finds its bases due to such believes, no wonder even in the current society we have discrimination of certain kinds of people. However the rise of societies like the human right society is instrumental in fighting such cases. Only when people dispose some of the bad attribute that are contained in their culture with the fight against discrimination will be won.
Government and religion went hand in hand as in both civilization scientists could only speculate the number of people that lived in the time. Logical rule was a common phenomenon that existed in Sparta as a few people ruled the land and they were mostly the rich. Such was also what the people of Japan practiced religion played also a very important as the first emperor of the land was called Ninigin which was a grand son of their god Amaterasu.
When it came to voting the Spartan men were the only one who were involve din this exercise with exception of Helots who were the slaves of the land and women never took part in this exercise. They same cannot be said when it came of the Japans society as the monarchy ruling was the main administrative body headed on by an emperor. In matters of government, these societies have developed in such a way that they have become political democracy where voting is done by adults with no restriction on sexual matters.
The importance of having a government based on religion was to ensure that the leaders practice equality that region was campaigning for. Government used t guide the people in both this societies. It dictated the laws of the land ensured that people live din harmony. A fact that has always been there is the relationship between the state and religion. The various religions have been a guide and are instrumental formulation of rules of the land.
Family is the basic unit of every society. The relations between family and marriage are inevitable since a family is formed from having a marriage coming into place.
A communal family setting was what the Spartans used to have with building of houses close to each other probably because of the fact that the family had to stay for long with close contact with the husband who was out of war. The case for the Japanese society was different a nuclear family was on the preference of the society probably he cause most men and women spent time close to their siblings.
However the similarity exists between the two societies women were the very instrumental in the family set up they were the ones who were left out with the children as their husbands were at war or working for Spartan and Japan society respectively (.Jary, 2005) The marriage also was an important affair in the society the Spartans men were allowed to marry when they were twenty years of age but they were only allowed to live with their families by the age of thirty years when they were partially inactive in their military mission.
Acquisition of the wife in the Spartan society was also characterized by having abduction of the woman the man was seeking to marry as part of their culture. One of the most uncommon practices of the Spartans is that women were allowed to sleep with other men in marriage with a sole intention of carrying the genes of a certain character in men.
Such an action is not common among the various societies with Japan inclusive and women sleeping with other men s forbidden (Moeller, 2009). The age limit was not usually an important consideration among the Japanese society. Arranged marriage was actually common among them and in some areas it is still in practice. The good thing about such an arrangement was that he two parties involved had the same culture and instances of divorce were minimal.
Children are valued assets of any society. The same was practiced in both Spartans society as well as the Japan’s social setting. Immediately a baby was born in the Spartan society it was inspected and if found with any deformities it was left in the mountains. Apothetae was the name given to this action, by the age of seven years schooling started for the children where they were involved in such activities as literature and gymnastics.
For boys, the age twenty meant so much to them as they enrolled in the military and acquired other status like eligibility to vote. Also notable among the Spartans is the way there culture allowed boys and girls to mingle freely and attend classes’ together. Japan had also a traditional concept of children where children below the age of seven years were considered pure and worthy of resurrection as they were under the territory of God.
There was also a religious believe that children under the age of seven were not supposed to be expose to Buddhism. The ceremony that took place at the age of even was perceived as a transition step to adulthood and was an important stage in their lives (Hooker, 2005). The issue of equality has always been in extention in every society, treating men equal to women will mean having a cohesive sociey and a step ahead of fight agenist discrimination which has never been won.
When it comes to children, the society has always been the biggest source education to them. However, the schools have taken the rensponsibilty tompact the life of children in the recent years. Seeking treatment has been the resultant way of ensuring that disabled babies get help. There in no more instances of leaving children to die just because they are diabled.
Racial issues used to exist among the Spartans; the focus was mainly put on the groups of people they conquered. A good example is the Helots who were forced to work in the Spartans farms. In Japan racial issues did not exists but children for other individuals who were not of this society were encouraged to adopt Japanese culture as well as their education (Blundel, 2005).
The fact that the world has evolved so much has changed some of the characters’ the previous ancient civilizations were holding dear to them. To start with, the roles that both men and women were carrying out has changed and the spirit of equality is been greatly promoted. The social setting has also been changed greatly with equality and mistreatments amongst various members of there society been up greatly been criticized all over.
Farming which was one of the most practiced economic activities has been replaced by other economic measures like manufacturing and the service industry. Education to all has also been in the promotion and issues of gender are not a limitation. The family and the marriages issues are also other aspects of the society that have greatly been changed (Patterson, 1998).
References
Blundell, A. S. (1995). Women in ancient Greece. New York: Harvard University Press .
Collins, R. (1998). The sociology of philosophies: a global theory of intellectual change. New York: Harvard University Press .
Hooker, R. (1996). Sparta . Web.
Jary D, J. J. (2005). Collins Web-linked dictionary of sociology. New York: Collins .
Moeller, H.-G. (2009). The Moral Fool: A Case for Amorality. New York: Columbia University Press .
Patterson, C. (1998). The family in Greek history. New York: Harvard University Press .
Whitby, M. (2002). Sparta. New York: Routledge .