Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

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358 samples

An ancient history essay is a type of assignment that requires students to analyze events, historical figures, and past societies. Based on this research, you will make a claim that should be supported with proof and historical evidence.

That is why our experts prepared a list of tips and advice on how to succeed in writing your following paper in ancient history. At the end of the article, you will also be able to find free samples. Besides, here you’ll have access to ancient history topics that can be useful for practicing or coming up with your ideas.

Any ancient history essay should be based on factual proof and solid arguments regardless of the period it focuses on. A legitimate question might arise: where do I get the evidence? For that, you need to understand where to find information. For most of your papers, the use of primary and secondary sources is a requirement.

Let’s figure out the difference between the two:

  1. Primary Sources are immediate first-hand accounts of a topic. Usually, people directly related to events write them. Primary sources include documents, laws, speeches, photographs, newspapers, and many more.
  2. Secondary Sources are sources that quote primary sources. These resources focus on historical events as well. However, they add a level of interpretation and analysis. Secondary sources can include books, research papers, scholarly articles, documentaries.

A student who strives to produce a well-written ancient times essay should conduct historical analysis. However, what is it? It is a method of examining the evidence to understand the past.

While the past consists of all the events that happened, history is what we know about these events. We have to carefully examine who wrote the text or took the picture to avoid the “authority trap” confusion. One of the ways to do it is by applying the five “w”s:

  • Who?
  • Where?
  • When?
  • What?
  • Why?

History is not a straight line with only one perspective and one answer. Therefore, a good historian is not looking for the truth. They are looking at the forces that shaped history as we know it. Examining a wide range of sources will allow you to write a profound essay.

For a student to deliver a logical paper with solid argumentation, the research has to follow a specific structure:

  • First, you need to draft your thesis statement. Remember that it might change as you learn more and more about the topic. If you’re unsure about your wording, you can use our thesis generator.
  • Then, you should look once again at your sources to decide which are relevant for your paper. For that, you can annotate them and write a short paragraph that summarizes the main idea of the source. When you come back to them later on, it will be less confusing.
  • In the end, provide your arguments with supporting evidence from the sources. Make sure the order in which you list them is logical.

Outlining your ancient history essay is the critical way to keep it clear and straight to the point. The elements that you should include are as follows:

  1. The research question from the prompt or developed by you.
  2. Your thesis statement.
  3. The main idea of the paragraphs.
  4. The evidence that you will use in every paragraph.

16 Ancient History Essay Topics

To simplify your work, we’ve gathered a list of ancient history topics to write about. Here are issues you can use for practice or draw inspiration for your next assignment.

Try the following ideas:

  1. What caused the fall of the Roman empire?
  2. The construction of the Great Pyramids in Ancient Egypt.
  3. A study of Gods and religious beliefs in Ancient Greece.
  4. The governmental structure and organization in Ancient Rome.
  5. Julius Caesar’s role in the expansion of the Roman Empire.
  6. The structure of labor and slavery in Ancient Egypt.
  7. The importance of the Pharaoh in the New Kingdom.
  8. How did the Olympic Games become an international issue?
  9. Odysseus as an epic hero in Trojan War.
  10. Gods, Goddesses, and Deities of the city of Troy.
  11. Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia comparison.
  12. The significance of sports in Ancient Greece.
  13. An analysis of the reign of King Xerxes of Persia.
  14. Roman citizenship and human rights in Ancient Rome.
  15. Similarities between Mesoamerica and Mesopotamia.
  16. The means of communication in Ancient times during the war.

Thank you for reading our article till the very end. We hope you found it useful for your research. You can now look at the ancient history essay examples below.

358 Best Essay Examples on Ancient History

the Fall of Rome

When observed in another way, the primary cause of the collapse was the conflict between the need to manage wealth and the desire to spend it.
  • 4.8
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2238

Mesopotamian Civilization

The history of this great land can be traced through looking at the history of different people who occupied it who included the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Amorites, the Hitites, the Kassites, the Assyrians, and [...]
  • 3
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1620

Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek Civilizations Comparison

Socially, the two civilizations were very different; the Greeks were known for their strong sense of democracy, while the Mesopotamians were ruled by kings and queens. The ancient Mesopotamian and Greek civilizations were two of [...]
  • Pages: 5
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The Ancient Mayan Civilization

The political-social organization of the Maya was hierarchical with a king, nobles and priests on top and the common people and slaves on the bottom.
  • 2.3
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Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports

The popularity of sporting competition in the modern society reflects that of the ancient Roman Empire's vision for its society. Chariot racing was one of the most popular sports in ancient Rome, it later spread [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 4
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The Stone Age Period and Its Evolution

Therefore, the term is associated with the tools and the equipments that the ancient people made from the stones. In the Neolithic age, there was development of weaving, pottery and metal weapons and tools began [...]
  • 4
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1175

Early Greek, Roman, and Christian Historiography

The historiography context of the Romans is quite distinct from the Greek one The Greek historiography began with oral tradition whereas that of the Romans was based on annals and pontifex maximus which were recorded.
  • Pages: 4
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Modern Societies and Ancient Civilizations Comparison

The phrase human life as used in this essay encompasses all elements of life such as the system of government, the type of architecture, the religion of the people, and the recreation activities practiced by [...]
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History: Plutarch’s Vision of Alexander the Great

One of the greatest strengths of Alexander's character is his vision, ambition, and thirst to succeed. The same corruption leads to Philotus disrespecting the king by claiming that he is enjoying the fruits of his [...]
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Comparison of Sumerian and Egyptian Civilization

The most important similarity, which also explains the prosperity of the Sumerians and Egyptians, is the territory and environment. Some similarities can be traced to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians and the Sumerians.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 681

The Umayyad Empire: Rise, Growth and Fall

Uthmann's assassination led to the outbreak of the first Muslims' civil war known as the Fitna. Therefore, the conquest of Mecca led to the conversion of Muawiya to Islam.
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The Sumerian Achievements in Modern Times

The Sumerians were able to designate the limits of their country precisely. In the early Sumerians, they sought the assistance of spiritual healers to exorcise the demons they believed were causing people's illnesses.
  • Pages: 8
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The Pyramids of Giza

These pyramids symbolized the power of Egyptian pharaohs and the idea of wealth that was inherent to the Egyptian nation in the Old Kingdom."Though the kings of the Old Kingdom built pyramids not for the [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 839

Mesopotamia vs. Mexica (Aztec) Civilizations

The society was located in the Valley of Mexico, and its capital was Tenochtitlan, now the site of modern Mexico City. The Mexica religion was a major part of their culture and played a significant [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 835

The History of Ancient India Analysis

The construction of the massive buildings in the two cities implied the existence of an autocratic regime that mobilized the labor and provided the necessary raw materials.
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Rome, Greek, and Egypt Civilizations Comparison

Rome's civilization revolves around the provisions of Rome's culture in shaping the aspects of the progression of the various parts of Roman society's political, economic, and social structure.
  • Pages: 3
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BBC Ancient Greece: The Greatest Show on Earth

The presenter of this video talks about the importance of theater culture to the people of ancient Athens. In the days of the ancient Greeks, the people of Athens learned the latest news from theatrical [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 382

The Nile Delta: Impact on History and Culture

Currently, the Nile Delta is one of the most populated areas of Egypt, but this was not always the case. The use of the Delta contributed to the active development of the economy in Ancient [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 558

Ancient River-Valley Civilizations Comparison

Due to the plentiful water supply, the civilizations were able to boost their farming activities and start agricultural revolutions a rapid increase in the crops harvest powering the development of the cities and the population [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 829

Alexander the Great: A Pioneer of Western Civilization

Alexander the Great used the Roman Empire to spread Greek civilization to Europe and the rest of the world. The Greek Macedonian Empire that was established by Alexander the Great extended to many parts of [...]
  • Pages: 6
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The Analysis of Hellenistic Age

When talking of the Hellenistic Age, it refers to the time period of about 30 years between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of the Roman Empire under the leadership of Augustus [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1169

Civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt

The people of Mesopotamia used calendars in order to determine when the floods could occur along the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The Egyptians had a lot of developments in the field of architecture and art [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 571

King’s Life: Alexander the Great

Alexander and his father Philip the king had a conflict, when the king decided to marry Cleopatra Eurydice who was a relative to one of kings general.
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1643

Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

With this insight into the fall of the Roman empire, we realize that there's still a cultural line between ancient Rome and the contemporary world.
  • Pages: 1
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The Hammurabi Code’s Influences and Impacts

However, considering the focus dedicated to private ownership, contracts, salaries, and markets, it is possible to argue that Hammurabi was interested in the economic challenges of the Babylonians. The death penalty is sentenced to both [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1900

The Role of Women in Ancient Egypt

Right to the property for married women and their right to private inheritance and inheritance of the community property belonging to the husband was an essential nature of the status of women in Ancient Egyptian [...]
  • 1
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2106

Factors That Influenced Development on Human Civilization

Some of the ancient trading activities included the exchange of food crops which led to development of agriculture in various territories."Ideas also spread and developed through trading activities". At this time many people were concerned [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 634

History of Athenian Democracy

There were three main bodies that governed the affairs of Athens and they were the assembly, the council and the courts all which were run by representatives of the people.
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1899

Decline of the Roman Empire

The decline of the Roman Empire in the West that began in the 5th century had multiple interconnected factors. However, the economic and military rise of Constantinople led to the crisis in Rome.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 327

Diocletian vs Constantine I Reforms Comparison

Constantine had a new capital that gradually became the cultural and economic center of the Roman Empire. The contrast between the two rulers could be seen in their attitude and relation to the innovations.
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 563

Stylistic Features: Ancient Middle East and Roman

There are several peculiarities of design indicating that the contemporary dress can be viewed as the adaption of the ancient stola. In Ancient Rome, this type of clothing was used to conceal the sexuality of [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 621

King Tutankhamun’s Afterlife Preparation

The tomb of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun is one of the most significant archaeological finds in the exploration of Ancient Egypt. The Valley of the Kings is located on the east coast of the Nile [...]
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 2877

Herodotus: The Father of History

He proceeded on tour to Athena, Egypt, the Black Sea, and the East of Europe, demonstrating the knowledge and was eventually referred to as "The Father of History".
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 547

History of Ancient Greek

It was the accuracy and correctness of the prediction that daunted astronomers for years to come. This event hailed a new set of astronomers who tried to figure out the means to predict such future [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 1
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“The Fall of the Maya” by Dauna Coulter

The ruins of Tikal, the main Mayan city, in Guatemala shows the architecture and the scope of the ancient builders - even now it is difficult to create the city like this.
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Lysistrata: An Anti-War Play

The action evolves around the idea to come about the salvation of Greek people that is hatched by the main heroine of the play Lysistrata who encourages all women of Greece to withhold their marriage [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1941

Multicultural Roman Empire History

Furthermore, the Romans were influenced by the Etruscans, a neighboring tribe to the northwest of Rome, who were allied with and then conquering the newly formed city-state.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 391

The Description of the Tomb of the Augurs

The particularity of the Tomb of the Augurs is the fact that it is one of the first monuments in Tarquinia to have "figural decorations on all four walls of its main chamber".
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 669

History of Mesopotamia and Egypt

The central characteristics of the Egyptian state and religion were anchored on the monarchy. In a nutshell, the Egyptian myth demonstrated the wouldeath' of the older creation and the advent of the new creation.
  • Pages: 2
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Peloponnesian War: Summary, Causes, & Effects

According to Bagnall, the major cause of the war as accounted by Thucydides was the indiscriminate expansion of Athenian power. The honor was for his contribution to the cautious policy that the Spartans employed during [...]
  • 1.5
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  • Words: 2508

Greek Mythology and Christianity

This research paper aims to explore the historical-cultural relationships and aspects of the religious worldview between Greek mythology and Christianity, focusing on three key areas: creation stories, central figures, and divine intervention.
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  • Words: 414

Ancient Greek Civilization: Culture and Arts

To begin with, the earliest period of Greek history was the Bronze, and it is characterized by the usage and production of essential tools and the formation of two civilizations, which further contributed to the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1238

Slavery in the Roman Empire

The elite were the rich people, and majority of the population that comprised of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants known as the plebeians occupied the low status.
  • 3
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1125

Civilized Nations vs. Barbarians in History

The current essay demonstrates the importance of interaction between civilized peoples and barbarians by explaining the outcomes of cultural exchange and potential reasons for conflict.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 569

Ethnic Minorities in Ancient Egypt

The main topic of the article is the study of the characteristics of various ethnic groups and social organizations in the Ancient Egyptian civilization.
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The Shipwrecked Sailor Papyrus Analysis

In the end, despite the bewitching story at the junction of mysticism and reality, the nobleman is still depressed and afraid of the court. The words of the Serpent once again confirm that the island [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

Cultural Heritage of Oyo Empire in Africa

The brightest period of this ethnic group's development is the time of the Oyo Empire which impacted the Nigerian culture and today remains the largest and most influential state.
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Early Civilization in Africa Analysis

Therefore, the study of complex societies has risen in popularity to investigate the formation of states separately from the concept of urbanization. The evidence of African civilization enables anthropologists and archeologists to better understand the [...]
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Alexander the Great and Stoicism

Just like his father he proved to be a great warrior and led his army to conquer the whole world, at least the world known to the Greeks.
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Religion and Society in Ancient Egypt

The king sought to control the flow of resources which were collected from the provinces and peasants and channeled upward. The class division was strongly present in the mythology of Ancient Egypt and was accepted [...]
  • 5
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Ancient History of Babylon and Mohenjo-Daro Cities

The importance of water for Babylonian infrastructure, thus, became leading, influencing the lives of peasants through the necessity of irrigation and the lives of city-dwellers through the integration of water canals into the city's infrastructure.
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Science and Technology’ Development in Ancient Civilizations

These observations on Egyptian civilization assisted many in understanding the daunting challenges human beings experienced in terms of: the nature of human relationships; the nature of the universe; and the role of the divine forces [...]
  • Pages: 15
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The Fall of Rome and the Barbarian Expansion

The leading opinion on the matter suggests that the true reasons for the collapse of the state include both internal and external factors; brought together into a system, they have served to destroy the once [...]
  • Pages: 3
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The Great Pyramids of Giza: Formal Analysis

The artwork known as the Great Pyramids of Giza is one of the most prominent examples of global historical heritage. The artwork is represented by buildings in the form of pyramids, and the constructions' relationship [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 404

Ancient Egyptians’ Ethics of War

The initial religion of ancient Egypt was to realize the Gods in the form of birds and beasts. With the beginning of agriculture, the Egyptians became more dependent on nature, so they started to revere [...]
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1231

Presentation of Augustus and Justinian Comparison

The first and maybe the main point in this opposition of times and customs is the role of a ruler. There is a great contrast between the idealized picture of the young emperor and his [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 601

Aztec: Barbaric or Civilized

In the picture of a gold necklace placed in the Field Museum it is visible to the naked eye that the work is so fine and marvelous that it is even hard to believe the [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 631

The Rise and Fall of Constantinople

Byzantine Constantinople was the capital of Christian Empire the successor of Greece and Rome, and it became the wealthiest and the largest city in the whole Europe.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2373

Ancient Egypt vs. Ancient Greece

In this paper, the researcher seeks to investigate the extent to which Ancient Egypt became Greek and the extent to which it remained the same during and after the rule by Ancient Greece.
  • 5
  • Pages: 14
  • Words: 3860

Maya, Aztec and Inca Collapse

The Aztec and the Incas are examples of civilizations present in Southern America and form among the greatest civilization of the world at their time.
  • Pages: 15
  • Words: 4067

Civilization in Ancient Egypt

The civilization of ancient Egypt happened at the same time Mesopotamian civilization was taking place in other areas in the nations of the Akkadians, Babylonians and the Sumerians. Indeed, religion in ancient Egypt led to [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1280

The Roman Empire and Its Fall in 476 A.D.

The Byzantine Empire, which emerged in the East, claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Roman Empire, and its rulers continued to use the title of 'Emperor.' The Byzantine Empire maintained much of the [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 575

The Parthenon: An Artifact Analysis

The temple was meant to accommodate the new gigantic sculpture of the goddess by Pheidias and to announce to the world that Athens had beaten the attacking Persian troops under Xerxes and Darius as the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1187

Pompeii Before the Eruption

People of Pompeii were very concerned about their city and its significance for them. There were several riots of Pompeian people against, first, Greeks, then Romans.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 493

The Middle Era of The Abbasid Empire

The victory of Abbasids over the Umayyads to claim the leadership of Muslims globally was accompanied by the move of the Empire's capital from Syria to Iraq.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2219

Minoan Civilization and Its Collapse in 1450 BC

There was a strong influence of the Minoan palace culture that was greatly affected by the earthquakes that took place in that area most of the time, and therefore it became hard as the palaces [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1518

Roman Colosseum in Ancient European History

The monument received the name Colosseum in the Middle Ages from the distorted Latin word "colosseum", while in Imperial Rome, it was called the Flavian amphitheater in honor of the imperial dynasty.
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2537

The War Between the Athenians and the Peloponnesians

The Spartans were the key leaders of the Peloponnesians, and they fought the Athenians because of bitterness. According to Thucydides, this was the major cause of the war between the Athenians and the Peloponnesians.
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2788

History: Ancient Greek Olympics

Hence, the myth concerning the emergence of the Olympic Games involves Zeus. The Olympic Games owed their integrity and significance to religion.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1151

Medicine in Ancient Rome

This was after the evolution of the use of herbs as poisons that were used to kill people. Herbal knowledge in the region revolved around the army quite a bit and the soldiers gained from [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2051

Ancient Egypt History

The national Unity, which portrayed peace among the Egyptian people, was maintained by a central government that had supreme powers and was controlled by the Pharaoh, the only ruler at the time.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 563

Polybius vs. Livy on the Second Punic War

In terms of the former, Rome's and Cartago's ambitions can be considered the origins of the War. 1 Regarding the causes, Polybius emphasizes the "wrath of the Barcids," Hannibal's family members, the Roman seizure of [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 402

The Rectal Speculum Instrument in Ancient Times

The rectal speculum was one of the most significant surgical devices in Greco-Roman medicine. In terms of the historical background of the instrument's employment, it's important to remember that the spread of Christianity began during [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 300

Vikings and the Development of Europe

The period started with the first attacks in the 8th century and ended in the 11th, as the Scandinavians were assimilated into Christianity and the broader European culture.
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1085

The Ancient Greek Society: Role of Religion

In the cultural sense, the phrase 'ancient Greece' refers to the way of life of the ancient Greek people as depicted in their mode of worship, language, governance, entertainment and their understanding of the physical [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 872

Greek Mythology, Religion, Philosophy, and History

The ancient religious stories of the Minoans and the Mycenaean were transmitted orally to the other parts of the Mediterranean region which later fused with the Greek traditions and religious practices.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1213
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