Introduction
Recently, the National Emergence Crisis and Disasters Management Authority (NCEMA) launched a website and a magazine that would provide information regarding crisis management in the country. The chairperson of Emergency and Crisis board promised that the board would do everything to strengthen the civil defense charged with the responsibility of ensuring that fire disasters are handled adequately. The chairperson observed that training of the civil defense is paramount in case firefighting services are to be effective. To enhance the services of civil defense, the board would provide information to the public regarding the role, facilities, and capabilities of the civil defense. The major aim of the civil defense is to put out fires, as well as preventing fire outbreaks (Legeros 19). This demands that the civil defense be taken through suitable training programs in order to equip workers with modern skills. In Dubai, fire outbreaks are usually small and the damages caused are small. This means that adequate training would prevent the occurrence of small fires. In August this year, the civil defense carried out an awareness program that would sensitize the public on the importance of observing firefighting regulations. The agency in charge of civil defense collaborates with other fire fighting agencies, such as the Saudi Factory for Fire Equipment (SFFECO) to administer fire fighting instructions and training. The deputy manager of SFFECO observes that there are generally five types of fires, each needing a specialized form of training. Solids, chemicals, gases, and electric matters might cause the fires.
In this regard, the civil defense should be made to understand that fire fighting is a complex process that needs adequate training. On the other hand, residents should know that having a safety plan at home is very important, as well as having an evacuation route. It is the role of civil defense to enlighten the public on the importance of developing a safety plan at home. Therefore, they should be equipped with adequate skills. Fire disasters are very dangerous implying that those in charge of putting off the fires should be shift in their actions. The deputy director notes that it takes seconds to think and minutes to act (Peige 98). Fire fighting is not like other disasters that can wait for other people to come from other places. This paper aims at comparing the effectiveness of Dubai civil defense with the civil defense of other countries, including Singapore civil defense, the US civil defense, the Australian, civil defense, the UK civil defense, and the Canadian civil defense. The paper will go a notch higher to provide a list of special advance training for officers in the civil defense, including the price range of programs. In the fourth section, the paper talks about the benchmarks and statistics of firefighting programs and training in Dubai. In the fifth section, the paper discusses some of the outcomes of training programs and training modules. Lastly, the paper concludes by assessing the position of Dubai in terms of providing firefighting programs and training.
Comparison of Dubai Civil Defense with Other Civil Defenses
The Dubai Civil Defense is an agency charged with the responsibility of ensuring that emergencies emanating from fires are handled appropriately. The vision of the agency is to protect human life, property, and the environment. To do this effectively, the institution must come up with efficient training programs. In other words, the agency needs to offer professional services through efficient investment of human and material resources. The agency is head by a Brigadier, who is assisted by the heads of various departments. For purposes of internal monitoring, the agency has a deputy director general whose main role is to monitor the achievements of the organization. The deputy director ensures that the staff is well equipped with knowledge, facilities in order to deal with any fire occurrence. Moreover, the deputy director ensures that the organization comes up with a sound corporate strategy through which performance of employees would be enhanced. In other words, the deputy director should contribute in designing policies that would guarantee training of employees in the organization. To enhance administration, the organization employs a director in charge of administration, whose major role is to ensure services are delivered in the best way possible. The director in charge of administration is directly responsible for the training needs of employees. He or she ensures that funds are allocated for training and coaching of staff. Without funds, the organization would not achieve the training needs of employees. The forms of training offered to employees in the modern firefighter training programs rely on technology. The director in charge of administration ensures that employees are provided quality-training programs that are supported by modern technologies (Sharkey and Davis 38).
The director in charge of safety, protection, and training is an important person as far as the training needs of civil defense officers are concerned in Dubai. The safety and training section is divided into three major departments, including civil protection division, precautionary safety department, and training unit. The civil protection section has the major role to play because it ensures that firefighting information is availed to the public. There is a consensus that fire-fighting personnel might not be in a position to handle the fire in case those close to it do not tackle it in advance. The civil protection department ensures that the public is equipped with adequate information regarding the ways of putting off the fire before it escalates into a serious inferno. In this regard, the civil defense personnel are given specific information, which would be relayed to the members of the public. The information in this case is not meant for them, but they are simply used as instructors to convey the information to members of the public. Preventive safety department is a unit expected to deal with fire whenever it arises (Smith 75). The department is relied upon by the city and rural dwellers. The form of training offered to preventive safety personnel is complex and all-inclusive. The training and department ensures that civil defense staff is equipped with updated firefighting techniques and tactics. In the traditional society, fire was caused by solids, but in the modern society, there are various causes of fires, including chemicals, electricity, gases, and liquids. The training department conducts an extensive research to establish the causes of fires. Once the cause of the fire is identified, the department goes ahead to formulate the techniques that would help in containing the crazy fires. The department organizes training programs to tackle the new challenges among fire fighters.
In comparison to the Dubai civil defense, the Singaporean civil defense is more developed and organized. Unlike the Dubai civil defense, the Singaporean civil defense staff is trained to offer services during both peacetime and disaster. This means that the Singaporean civil defense is a professional agency that engages in other safety related activities other than fire fighting. This implies that the civil defense training curriculum is detailed as compared to the Dubai civil defense curriculum. The Dubai civil defense is related to Singaporean civil defense in the sense that they are both uniformed organizations operating under the ministries of home affairs. This signifies that the minister in charge of homeland security controls them both. In other parts of the world, the civil defense is controlled by the military. The civil defense in Singapore has an extensive role implying that the training needs are also extensive. For instance, the civil defense unit offers ambulance services, environmental protection services and rescue services. Even though the Dubai civil defense offers similar services, it does not indulge in environmental conservation. Workers should be taken through integrative training in order to conserve the environment (Snook and Buckman 47).
In terms of organizational structure, the Dubai civil defense differs with the Singapore civil defense because the later has six operational departments. The Singaporean civil defense has an established training program because it has two major training academies. The Civil Defense Academy and the National Service Training Institute are the two institutions offering training programs to the staff of Singapore civil defense. They are fully-fledged institutions with accredited certification to operate independently. Unlike other units, which have limited mandates, the two training institutions do not have specific mandates implying that they have the authority to alter the courses offered to suit the training needs of staff. During the times of emergencies, the two units are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that proper fire handling equipments are acquired. Moreover, the units must ensure that the staff is acquainted to the new fire handling equipments. The civil defense academy (CDA) offers training courses for craft persons and specializations. The individuals covered include firefighters, medics, and tutors. The college takes its students to other countries to explore the new techniques and methods of handling fire. This practice is different from the practices of Dubai fire fighter agency because it rarely equips its staff with adequate training. Instead, Dubai civil defense prefers to employ qualified individuals, with adequate knowledge. The national service training institute in Singapore offers training to new recruits. Recruits graduating from NSTI are qualified to apply for positions in the civil defense academy. In other words, this means that Singapore has an elaborate training program for fire fighters as opposed to the Dubai civil defense. The civil defense in Singapore has a training program that is graded into various levels.
In the US, the civil defense used to be part of the military before the end of the Cold War. Civil defense was a non-military organization that urged people to join hands to fight the common enemy. In the current society, the civil defense performs humanitarian activities such as rescuing people during fire outbreak and floods. Unlike the Dubai civil defense, the American civil defense is a dependent unit. It operates under other agencies in charge of homeland security. In terms of training, the civil defense personnel have a powerful training obtained from institutions of high learning and the military. This means that a number of colleges and universities in the US offer specialized fire-fighting training. Those working in the agency have adequate knowledge and skills regarding the handling of disasters, including fire disasters. The agency operates as a minor department in the office of the president because the country has advanced systems of fighting fire disasters. In the UK, the civil defense was an organization made up of volunteers. It was referred to as the civil defense corps. However, the organization was replaced with other effective fire fighting organizations. In the states that support NATO, civil defense was an organization that was intended to help individuals affected by the nuclear. It was believed that the tension and conflicts in the international system would result to disasters. Therefore, the UK formed the civil defense corps to help victims. After the Cold War, the organization was disbanded because its members did not have any form of training to handle disasters resulting from fires. Just like the UK civil defense, the American civil defense was merged with the federal civil defense administration. The merging was aimed at facilitating effectiveness. The civil defense of the US and the UK were forced on an ad hoc basis meaning that the staff did not have adequate skills and knowledge. During the ICBM threat, the Canadian authorities came up with structure referred to as Diefenbunkers, which were to be used in protection. The personnel of the agency had little training implying that they were ill prepared to tackle fire outbreaks. Unlike Dubai, fire fighting in the US and Canada are handled by individual states and local authorities. The Australian civil defense is very different from the civil defense of Dubai because it is made up of volunteers. Volunteers are absorbed from various organizations without minding their training backgrounds. This affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the agency because the personnel know little as far as putting off fire is concerned. The civil defense of Dubai is a governmental organization that employs qualified personnel from all over the world. However, Australia has an elaborate system of fire fighting, which is controlled by the local authorities.
Importance of Training for Civil Defense Officers
Before proceeding to discuss the importance of fire fighting training, it should be understood that physical health and the techniques are very important in fire fighting. Through the training, officers are able to contain the fire swiftly. As earlier mentioned, fire disasters are very dangerous meaning that they should be handled quickly as possible. Training offers civil defense staff with a decisive and flexible decision-making process. This helps them in offering quality services to clients. Fire fighting is a very challenging undertaking that calls for adequate skills and knowledge. Moreover, the equipments used in handling fire are very complex implying that suitable training should be provided to the users. Officers working in a challenging environment, such as that of Dubai should be offered allowed enough training for them to cope with the many challenges. The fire fighting directives utilized in Dubai originated from Germany. The standards applied are known to improve the efficiency of civil defense personnel. The personnel would be able to operate under safe conditions. Through this, the civil defense would be able to rescue a good number of those affected.
Fire fighting courses are designed to align the skills of personnel to the tools and equipments used in the modern world. The tools are designed to alleviate the disasters in the easiest way possible. However, the tools would be of no help in case the civil defense officers do not know how to use them. Training ensures that the personnel are able to respond to fire disasters at any time using the most sophisticated instruments. In some cases, fire fighters have failed to respond swiftly leading to loss of life and property. However, training would ensure that fire fighters respond adequately to disasters in the town. In case the Dubai civil defense agency adopts the German firefighter-training manual, the city will stand to benefit from strong fire fighting services. The manual is considered one of the best because it ensures continuity of training and education process. In the training manual, the training levels are graded into two major levels. A number of rules contained in sections one, three, seven, and ten guides the levels. The rules spell out the role of the firefighter. Firstly, the firefighter is expected to undergo basic learning and training for specialized firefighters. The major aim of the basic training program is to attain adequate up-to-date skills and knowledge that would help in resolving crises. The trainee is supposed to master the usage of various fire-fighting facilities, as well as carry out all activities expected of a fire fighter whenever a fire breaks up. In all these, the trainee is taken through a process that would equip him or her with knowledge on how to wear self-contained breathing gears, substance protection costumes, and other private defensive equipments.
In the modern society, a number of challenges face fire fighters. In this regard, fire fighters must be equipped with adequate knowledge that would help them cope with the challenges. In fact, most of the fire fighters officers were recruited without talking them through relevant training. Most of the recruitment exercises were voluntary. It is not surprising to find many of those working in the fire fighter organizations lacking sufficient skills and knowledge on how to handle modern equipments. Training is very important to upgrade the skills and techniques of fire fighters in the civil defense (Stern and Newlove 58). In the US, it was made mandatory that all workers in the fire fighting companies be taken through training in order to meet the standards set by the National Volunteer Fire Council. Training enables the civil defense workers to carry out their functions safely and effectively. Over the past few years, the roles of the civil defense have developed into something complex. In this case, it is very important to develop training programs to reflect the new changes. In the previous years, fire fighters were expected to conduct their activities within a very limited locality. In the modern society, fire fighters can be exported to foreign countries to help in putting off the fires. Since a number of fire fighting companies depend on volunteers, they no longer attract new members. Therefore, offering training would be appropriate in case the volunteer companies are to attract new members. Studies in the US suggest that people lack time to undertake safety training because of the increasing responsibilities at the work place. Therefore, civil defense should come up with training programs that are less time consuming and effective. Furthermore, the methods of delivery should be diversified to encourage many people to undertake the fire fighting courses (Kolomay andHoff 65).
In Dubai, the local fire fighting organizations lack adequate funding and staff. Poverty rates are high among rural communities implying that local communities would not manage to come up with training programs that would address fire disasters effectively. Since civil defense has the capacity to train workers, it should undertake the role of training all fire fighters in various parts of the country. This would resolve issues related to shortages of fire fighters. The equipments used by the fire fighters in the 20th century are still in use. However, civil defense and other fire fighting companies are acquiring new equipments and technologies. As they acquire these new equipments, it is very important to come up with training programs that would help officers deliver services using modern technologies. However, the training programs designed should be free because many people would not be willing to pay for services that would be rendered voluntarily. When fire fighting was established as an agency of government, people recruited were trained informally. Some of individuals who received informal training view modern training as unnecessary since it does not touch on the real issues of safety. It is very important to recruit the services of experienced individuals when designing the training manuals. Training is an essential aspect that should be embrace in case civil defense is to convene its objectives and goals. Fire fighting in the modern society is more than suppressing the inferno. Fire is attacked using modern equipments and apparatus. Some of equipments and apparatus are uncommon to the officers of civil defense. Before introducing new apparatus, it is very important to train people on how to handle them. The new instruments, apparatus, techniques, equipments, and tools can be hazardous to the officers of civil defense in case they are not shown how to use them. In the US, it is estimated that individuals engaging in putting off the fire without training is very high. This explains why people trying to put off the fire end up being the casualties. National Fire Protection Association estimates that over 233,000 fire fighters in the US are untrained. Some of individuals attending to the injured during fire disasters are untrained. They simply try to help but in the wrong way. This leads to casualties because the affected person might die owing to wrong prescription or handling. Training of civil defense officers is very important because it reduces the number of casualties during disasters. The trained personnel would know the correct medication for every patient. Through training, the civil defense officers would perfect the techniques and practices employed during fire fighting process. Moreover, training enables officers to make correct decisions when dealing with fires. A trained officer would handle the disaster in a more professional way as compared to a partially trained officer. Training improves operations and creates a positive public image (Grimwood 23). Moreover, it enhances the morale of officers dealing with fire.
Application of traditional fire fighting techniques hampers the economy of the country. In other words, training improves the economy because it prevents loses that could have been caused by fire. In case the civil defense fails to handle fire that is perceived to be less serious, the aggrieved parties can sue the agency. Members of the public can easily conclude that the agency acted out of negligence yet members of the agency had poor training. In a case involving City of Canton v. Harris, the court ruled in favor of Harris, claiming that the city had failed to equip its officers with adequate knowledge and skills. The city was forced to pay the lost property because it was supposed to protect it. In this case, the city made a simple mistake of not training its fire fighters adequately. In Canada, the province of Quebec was held responsible for not training its officers adequately to put off the fire that destroyed property worth millions of dollars. Therefore, it is very important to provide training to civil defense officers because it would prevent legal suits. In case an employee of the civil defense is injured due to poor training, the organization is held liable. The department would be forced to compensate the injured person because he or she was fighting on behalf of the organization. This would be a financial burden to the organization. The organization would be involved in endless court processes, which end up wasting organizational time and resources. Moreover, the organization would be forced to pay high premiums in order to cover its employees. In the US, TriData Corporation found out through research that over 2.8 to 7.8 billion dollars are wasted yearly on treating the injured. Offering sufficient training would reduce the hospital costs. Studies show that the fire fighting population is aging meaning that a new workforce should be developed through training. Fire fighting is a complex process that needs experienced individuals. However, the civil defense agency can reduce this gap by offering effective fire fighting courses to young employees (Diamantes 32).
List of Special Advance Training for Officers
Radiation awareness training is one of the courses offered by Ion Active Consulting firm in Dubai. The UK firm in collaboration with RNA Safety International offers the course. The course has been proven effective in the UK and other parts of the world. The main aim of the course is to empower officers working in various fire fighting companies, including the civil defense agency. For instance, the course is designed for police officers, fire rescue team, and organizations offering ambulance services. The tenets of the course entail radiation safety. The trainees are introduced to safety principles, such as how to handle x-ray systems. At the introduction stage, the trainees are taken through simple concepts touching on radioactivity. Towards the end, the trainees are equipped with adequate skills on how to cope with challenges posed by radioactive emissions. The instructors draw examples from ionizing radiation sources available in the UK and Dubai. The course would prove very improve to civil defense officers specializing in operating x-ray equipments, attending to victims of disasters, and those dealing with radioactive theft. An expert trained in the UK, with vast experience in the field, delivers the course. The mode of delivery is supported by modern technology whereby the course is presented in form of PowerPoint. Trainees are encouraged to ask questions and discuss major issues in class. Upon the completion of the course, students are examined and certificates awarded based on merit. The course costs an approximated 308 dollars per day. This means that it is an expensive course, which might discourage many people from taking it. However, civil defense officers are expected to be sponsored by the government (Cordell and Nutter 54).
Petroleum safety course is a half-day course tailored made to meet the needs of civil defense officers in various regions in the country. Petroleum products are highly flammable meaning that officers handling fires resulting from petroleum products must be prepared adequately. The main cause of petroleum fires is the LP-gas, which is highly flammable. Therefore, trainees are equipped with knowledge on how to handle fire extinguishers, and incineration. Moreover, the course is aimed at enabling the fire fighters to understand the fire dynamics, fire fighting equipments, and petroleum laws. Each trainee is expected to pay at least 76 dollars. At the end of the course, the trainee is awarded a certificate.
Benchmarks
The civil defense is an organization faced with several challenges related to fire fighting. However, the organization has ensured that its staff is equipped with adequate knowledge and skills. The agency acquired an alarm system recently, which would be used to monitor fire outbreaks in the city. The fire alarm is in operation after the director of the civil defense commissioned it. In January this year, the organization announced that sleek bikes would replace fire trucks because they are considered quick and effective. This means that the organization is growing in terms of training. Previously, fighting fires in the narrow alleys was very difficult because the trucks could not penetrate easily. The motorcycle has the capacity to penetrate the concentrated areas and deal with fire as fast as possible. The fire express motorcycle was produced in Denmark, with the capacity to deal with any form of fire. Some places in the city are inaccessible due to congestion. The acquisition of modern equipments that can access all regions shows the organization’s commitment to deal with any fire outbreak. In this regard, the organization should have conducted extensive training and research to arrive at the conclusion of acquiring motorcycles. To win public trust and strengthen its image, the agency organized for a trip to various homes and companies to raise awareness. The team visited a number of homes to raise awareness on how to handle various forms of fires. The main aim was to present the preventive measures to the locals (David 36).
Recently, the director Dubai civil defense was installed as the head of IAEM council. The conference held in Singapore appreciated the efforts of Dubai civil defense by installing its leader as the president of worldwide union in charge of fire fighting. In an attempt to strengthen the activities of the agency, the officials of the ministry took some staff members to undertake a course in Europe. The training was aimed at equipping the staff with the most current fire fighting techniques. Through the training, the civil defense of Dubai came up with ways through which they would collaborate with other agencies offering fire-fighting services. In the global world, disasters are considered a common enemy because they affect all people, irrespective of age, race, ethnicity, and language. Therefore, fire fighters are supposed to be equipped with knowledge to enable them deal with any form of disaster. In particular, the issue of language barriers affects the operations of rescue teams. In Dubai, fire fighters have trouble when dealing with victims who are non-Arabs. Moreover, Dubai fire fighters cannot be deployed to other countries because of language barrier. The training in Europe would help the civil defense personnel to cope with language challenges. Recently, the civil defense came up with a plan that would enable it deal with fires at the sea effectively. This is a milestone because fires have destroyed properties worth billions of dollars at the sea. Through the new plan, the Dubai civil defense will ensure that the coastal beaches are safe for everybody (Ciottone 76).
In an attempt to bring fire services to people, the agency opened three new fire-fighting stations. The director promised that more would be opened before the end of the year to enhance service delivery. Moreover, the agency has embarked to alliance formation in order to strengthen its organs. The agency signed an agreement with the government of Germany, which would provide efficient training to the staff, as well as provide modern equipments. Formation of alliances is a show of commitment and seriousness. To develop its image internationally, the agency joined the elite fire-fighting group controlled by the United Nations. The elite group is made up of over eighty countries, under the auspices of the United Nations. The agency stands to benefit from improved training programs and financing (Sturtevant 13). In the Middle East region, countries have been accused of not incorporating women into important organizations, such as fire-fighting organizations. Recently, the vice-president and the prime minister witnessed the opening of the female branch in the capital city. This was a breakthrough because women play a critical role in handling disasters. Female victims feel comfortable when attended by female personnel. In disaster management, caregivers face a major challenge, which is related to information sharing. Female victims would not share critical information regarding their health with male caregivers. The establishment of the female section of the civil defense will enhance the effectiveness of the organization.
The government of the United States Emirates came to the realization that fire is a common disaster among the regional players. Therefore, the government instructed the civil defense agency to come up with ways through which it could form a regional fire-fighter agency. The Arab world has always relied on the west for disaster management, something that degrades the status of Arab states. This is a major achievement because the regional fire-fighting agency would enable the countries to address the disasters regionally. The achievements of the Dubai civil defense agency are enormous because the racing care is to be used in putting off fires in the roads. The racing car has the capability of overcoming traffic and responding to disasters swiftly. Moreover, the civil defense introduced a new program that would help it deal with hazardous materials. These materials include chemicals and radio materials. Laws have been enacted to enable the civil defense to deal with the fire effectively. Motorists are expected to pave way for the trucks (Carter 36).
In this section, it can be concluded that the agency is doing everything to ensure that losses encountered because of fire outbreaks are reduced. The agency has ensured that modern equipments are acquired to enable fire fighters to engage the fire without fear. Moreover, the agency has come up with training programs aimed at aligning the skills of officers with the new techniques of fighting fires. In the legal perspective, the agency has ensured that laws aiming at speeding up fire-fighting are passed. However, the organization has a long way to go because the staff lacks sufficient training.
Outcome Benefit for Officers
Special training programs are of benefit to the civil defense officers in a number of ways. As earlier noted, the special fire-fighting training programs equip the officers with adequate knowledge and skills. The officers are empowered to offer professional services since they will have learned professional methods of fire fighting. The most important benefit is that officers will be in a position to control fire accidents resulting from various materials. The management of fire is not an easy task for officers. Training enables officers to share information freely with other stakeholders. Moreover, training presents opportunities to fire fighters in the civil defense agency. To begin with, having the skills and knowledge on how to handle the fire is of benefit to the organization, the community, and the individual fire fighter (Thomson 40). A skilled fire fighter has the capacity to salvage the situation before it becomes worse. In other words, the skilled officer can save property and lives. To the organization, skilled and knowledgeable officer improves the image of the organization. Moreover, cases of negligence and inefficiency would not haunt the organization because the officer would be able to handle the situation. As earlier noted, the organization can lose millions in legal suits because of its inability to handle the fire. To the individual, the officer can safely put off the fire without casualties. Unskilled officers can end up causing damages instead of saving properties and lives (Brennan 16).
Professional methods gained through training are of great importance to the organization, as well as the civil defense officer. In case an officer is able to handle the fire, the organization can be contracted by foreign firms to offer professional fire fighting services locally and internationally. Recently, the Dubai civil defense was recruited into the international fire fighting organization. This was facilitated by the professional methods possessed by the officers of the organization. Officers are able to share information and compare their techniques through training. Information sharing is very important because it empowers the civil defense officers. Information sharing allows officers to exercise caution when dealing with various sources of fires. Training provides future opportunities to the fire fighters. Through training, fire fighters would be able to win contracts abroad. The agency operates in an environment with some opportunities, which can make it experience massive growth in its market share. Civil defense has exploited a vacuum that existed in many parts of the country, especially in the rural areas.
Conclusion
It is apparent that there is no competition for this firm in the local market and this agency is able to make enough profits. The agency is providing the market with a completely new service that is not comparable to any other in the market. The agency would find it easy to embrace change, which comes about because of the changing technologies. This is accelerated by its size, unlike other organizations, which might not adopt change due to their large sizes. Technological advancements will also enable the agency to conduct trade easily due to improved means of communication and transport.
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