Scenario #1
Part I
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and multi-cellular parasites are among the many potentially hazardous organisms (pathogens) found in the environment, all of which can cause illness if they enter the bloodstream and reproduce. To physically prevent viruses from entering the cell or destroy them if they do, the body employs a variety of defense mechanisms. An immune system is an essential defense mechanism that can detect and eliminate an invading pathogen (“The immune system and immunization,” 2020). Immunization prevents the complicated development of an illness by allowing one’s cells to develop a mechanism against similar viruses quicker, consequently improving the overall immunological well-being level when interacting with a specific pathogen.
An immunological reaction is generated whenever the human body is notified that something alien has entered the body. The production of substances by injured cells, inflammation, and blood flow changes to a damaged location that attract white blood cells are all triggers. White blood cells kill the pathogen or provide chemical information to other immune system cells (“The immune system and immunization,” 2020). As a result, plasma and interstitial fluid flow throughout the body, immune system components constantly scan for possible contamination sources or aberrant cells.
Vaccination helps the body start the immune process aimed at destroying the virus, and gaining immune experience or immunity. For example, after the AstraZeneca vaccination, which was developed for the alpha variant, T-lymphocytes and T-cells begin to behave in a certain way. The two main subtypes of T cells are CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Shukla, 2021). After vaccination, CD4+ helper T cells begin to release cytokine proteins to elicit an immune response. These cytokines activate other immune cells, starting a chain reaction. Simultaneously with this process, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells kill cells that have been infected with the virus. Therefore, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses play a critical role in recovering from COVID-19 or gaining immunity after vaccination.
Part II
When the body is exposed to a pathogen, it attempts to isolate and eliminate it. Inflammatory chemicals boost blood circulation and draw white blood cells to the infection site. More precisely, cytokines are released by CD4+ T cells as a response to the inflammatory process. Then CD8+ T cells or ‘phagocytic cells’ destroy the infected cells. These phagocytic cells then move to the lymph nodes closest to them, where they expose the antigens to the whole immune system, inducing the production of more CD8+ T cells for a more significant immune response (“The immune system and immunization,” 2020). Antigen-specific antibodies and a feeling of getting “the flu” are observed as a result of this reaction.
Scenario #2
Part I
Vaccines include weakened or inactive components of a particular organism or antigen that cause the body to respond with an immune response. Instead of the antigenic structure itself containing the pattern of a re-creational bacterial process, modern vaccines take care of immunological development. This feeble variant will not cause infection in the person who receives the vaccine. Furthermore, it does not matter if a vaccine is entirely composed of the allergen or the precursor for the body to produce the antigen. The reason is that this will stimulate the immune response to respond much like it would on its first response to the actual pathogen in any way.
Part II
The main reason a person may experience weakness after taking a vaccine is a natural reaction of the immune system. Since the body needs to develop substances that will help counteract the actual disease in the future, the smallest dose containing a similar but utterly harmless virus is initially administered. Accordingly, one experiences a significantly weakened version of the disease, as their inner cells are trained to fight the new life form represented by COVID-19. Thus, it is logical to conclude that such a reaction is a positive factor and indicates that the vaccination was successful.
Part III
Immunization is a worldwide success story regarding health and development, saving lives each year. Vaccines interact with one’s body’s natural defenses to create protection, lowering the chance of contracting a disease. The immune system reacts when receiving a vaccination, which is a positive tendency. Immunization is an unquestionable human right and an essential component of primary health care. It is also one of the most cost-effective health investments available. In addition, vaccines are crucial for preventing and controlling infectious disease outbreaks. They are essential in the fight against COVID-19 and support global health security, including local communities in urban areas where population density is high.
Reference
Shukla, D. (2021). “COVID-19 vaccines, immunity, and new variants: The role of T cells.”Medical News Today. Web.
The immune system and immunization. (2020). Immunisation Advisory Centre. Web.