Toothpaste Controlled Experiment and Hypothesis Essay (Critical Writing)

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Teeth’s whitening is a vital aspect of human health/hygiene and, therefore, numerous remedies to colored teeth have been introduced (Cas et a. e8-e11). Each remedy purports to be the most effective necessitating the need to carry out studies to ascertain the truth (Khan et al. 269–274; Claydon et a. 1088-91; Llena et al. 8-12).

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The table below would be adopted in designing a controlled experiment to test Sullivan’s hypothesis, which is derived from her assertion that her new toothpaste whitens teeth five times faster than other toothpastes.

Problem	The experiment would begin with a question, which would be answered by carrying out the study. A proposed question/problem would be, “how fast is Sullivan’s new toothpaste in whitening teeth relative to other toothpastes?”
Dependent variable(s)	The dependent variable is the subject of study in controlled experiments and, therefore, is measured by investigators (Flannelly, Flannelly, and Jankowski 161-170). The dependent variable would be the whitening of the teeth of the participants.
Independent variable(s)	The design would be used to identify the independent variables in the experiment, which include the new toothpaste and the other toothpastes.
Standardized variables	Instructions on how to use the toothpaste would be given from a central source. Toothbrushes used by the participants would be of the same make and type. The brushing time, the number of brushings per day, and the duration of each brushing would be standardized.
Hypothesis	Sullivan’s new toothpaste whitens teeth five times faster than other toothpastes. The test would be guided by the hypothesis and, therefore, it would determine whether the hypothesis is true or false.
Levels of treatment	Varying and changing the independent variables would be done, having brushing prerequisites in mind. For instance, the amount of toothpaste to be used for each brushing time, the number of brushings per day, and the time to brush should be some of the elements considered as levels of treatment.
Control treatment	Sullivan’s toothpaste would be set as the standard value. The results from Sullivan’s toothpaste would be compared to the results of the other toothpastes.
Replication	The control experiment would give room for replication. As such, more than one test would be carried out under similar conditions. Consequently, the consistency of the results would be verified.
The material, methods, and steps that would be followed	Study Design; the controlled experiment would adopt a randomized clinical trial in a selected population. Approval and consent would be sought from pertinent stakeholders. Selection of Participants; dental clinicians would be required to select the participants. Participants would be recommended to be above 18 years, non-smokers, and free from periodontal diseases. Confounding factors would be avoided. The participants would be required to provide personal data and fill consent forms. Randomization and participants’ grouping; scientific methods such as using opaque envelopes have been used in sampling (Horn et al. 203-206), and they would be vital in this test. The available number of toothpaste would determine the number of groups. Blinding would only be done to the data analysts but not done to the participants.
Expected results	It would be expected that Different types of toothpaste have different levels of efficacy and speed in whitening teeth It would be determined whether the hypothesis is true or false
Explanation of the expected results	The design would provide room for a comprehensive explanation of the obtained results. The effects of the independent variable on the independent variable would be made as explicit as possible.

Works Cited

Cas, Natalia, Ventura, Ruat Gabrielle Rodrigues, Bueno Renata Pla Rizzolo, Pachaly Raquel and Pozzobon Roseaine Tereznha. “Effects of Whitening Toothpaste on Superficial roughness of Composite Resin.” General Dentistry (2013): e8-e11. Print.

Flannelly, Laura,T, Flannelly Kevin J and Katherine Jankowski. “Independent, Dependent, and Other Variables in Healthcare and Chaplaincy Research.” Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy 20.4 (2014): 161-170. Print.

Horn, Bruna, Andrade, Bittencourt Bruna Fortes, Gomes Osnara Maria Mongruel and Farhat Patrícia Almeida. “Clinical Evaluation of the Whitening Effect of Over-the-Counter Dentifrices on Vital Teeth.” Brazilian Dental Journal 25.3 (2014): 203-206. Print.

Khan, Muhammad, Khalil Bokhari, Syed Akhtar, Hussain Haleem, Abdul Kareem, Abdul Khan, Ayyaz Ali Hosein, Tasleem Khan and Muhammad Usama. “Extrinsic stain removal with a toothpowder: A randomized controlled trial.” International Journal of Health Sciences 8.3 (2014): 269–274. Print.

Llena, Carmen, Oteo Carlos, Oteo Jesús and Forner Leopoldo. “Clinical efficacy of a bleaching enzyme-based toothpaste. A double-blind controlled clinical trial.” Journal of Dentistry 44.2016 (2015): 8-12. Print.

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Claydon, NC, Bosma ML, Shirodaria S, Addy M, Newcombe R and Moran J. “Clinical study to compare the effectiveness of a test whitening toothpaste with a commercial whitening toothpaste at inhibiting dental stain.” Journal of Clinical Periodontology 31.12 (2004): 1088-91. Print.

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Reading time	2 min
Type	Essay Critical Writing
Pages	2
Words	562
Subjects	Health & Medicine Dentistry
Topics	Experiment
Language	🇺🇸 English