Using Evidence
Three articles were evaluated to assess and determine whether topical NSAID treatment can lower the pain for acute injuries. The first article from Hocking, Robertson, and Gentle (2005) involved the influences of NSAIDs regarding pain from acute injuries. The research aimed at identifying the working dosage of the drugs namely flunixin, carprofen, ketoprofen, and sodium salicylate.
The variations from the normal body functioning of a domestic fowl were used to evaluate the effectiveness of each drug. The measurements were monitored for an hour starting from 60th minutes after injection of the drugs. Sodium salicylate was the most ineffective drug since high doses did not normalize behaviors. The optimum dosage for the remaining three drugs was 1:10:4 regarding flunixin, carprofen, and ketoprofen respectively.
The second evidence from Ziltener, Leal, and Fournier (2010) involved the strategy of care provision to athletes. The researchers argued that there is no adequate support and directions on the application of NSAID. They indicated that the negative effects of these drugs were prevalent especially for long-term resolutions. The use of these drugs in cases of muscle injuries and bone fractures required high doses. Their research was specific to the athletes who were the main agenda of the effectiveness of NSAID in the original question. The researchers concluded that the clinicians needed to determine the right and suitable drug for use depending on the category of pain, nature of the injury, and level of pain.
Finally, the research conducted by Kvien and Viktil (2003) on therapy in regional musculoskeletal pain (RMP) nature appears at various levels. Therefore, these differences imply that the aid assistance issued must also be distinct. The researchers argued that analgesics are related to risk side effects. On the other hand, the efficiency of topical NSAIDs has been evaluated severally about the RMP. Assuming that the COX2 inhibitors will not depict any apparent differences from COX, the NSAIDs are considered risky.
Evidence Summary
It is not apparent whether the use of NSAIDs has a satisfactory and reliable basis of application in clinical practices. The use of these drugs requires further evaluation before recommendation to the patients. Research has shown that these drugs can be used in relieving mild pain such as headache and fever only. Acute pain may demand the introduction of unreasonable amounts of these drugs into the system leading to health problems for the patient.
Acute injuries require specialized drugs selected and approved for their purpose. High doses of NSAIDs reduce their efficacy and null down their purpose. Furthermore, the drugs may fail to work effectively even when used at high content. Hocking, Robertson, and Gentle (2005) show that the NSAIDs have varying effects that may require adequate evaluation to approve their use. Ziltener, Leal, and Fournier (2010) pointed out that there is no reliable literature to define the standard use of the drugs for acute pain implying that the use of these drugs is not warranted.
These arguments are supported by Kvien and Viktil (2003) who propose and confirm that NSAIDs may be unreliable especially due to their drug side effects. All three articles drive at discouraging the use of NSAIDs and revealing the doubts available regarding their application. These attributes imply that the NSAIDs are not reliable and allowed drugs for reducing the pain from acute injuries such as musculoskeletal pain. However, adequate and reliable research information has not been followed in the entire sources.
The first and second sources are strong for handling many experiments and designing them to provide results that cannot be modified by errors in sample size. However, the last research was the center of an assumption that creates a lack of certainty in the conclusions. In this regard, it can be argued that COX2 may be different from the COX and thus lead to differences. The use of these drugs might cause harmful effects that are hazardous to the smooth functioning of the human body. They ought to be removed and evaluated for efficacy by all means possible.
The NSAIDs have not been chosen for therapy of pain-relieving. Treatment of acute pain demands the application of other named and legalized drugs. NSAIDs have lethal reactions that may cause abuse and dependency dictating why the clinical practices must avoid them. In this regard, evidence-based practices assist practitioners to identify the relevant literature and choose the best ways to serve the patients. Essentially, this aspect functions under the assistance of the current researchers performed through reliable strategies and approved as reliable documents of the review.
References
Hocking, P., Robertson, G., & Gentle, M. (2005). Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on pain-related behaviour in a model of articular pain in the domestic fowl. Research in Veterinary Science, 78(1), 69-75.
Kvien, T. K., & Viktil, K. (2003). Pharmacotherapy for regional musculoskeletal pain. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 17(1), 137-150.
Ziltener, J., Leal, S., & Fournier, P. (2010). Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs For Athletes: An Update. Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 53(4), 278-288.