Introduction
Clinical pains are problems that require cautious management to realize recovery on time and avoid further infections. The right treatment option must be given for each type of clinical pain so as to reduce chances of recurrence and elongated pain. People who experience clinical pain tend to develop anxiety and stress, these call for different treatment options depending on the kind of injury sustained. The main parts targeted in the body are the joints which are prone to pains. This paper will attempt to discuss and recommend various treatment options for three different cases; pains that occur below-the-knee amputation that may be a consequence of diabetic neuropathy, severe headaches that are non-migraine, and sharp pains experienced at the abdominal hysterectomy.
Clinical pain is a term used to refer to pains that require medical attention. its main focus is on those pains that need certified personnel to treat. Such pains are usually chronic and can lead to elongated complications such as much worse diseases. Cancer and arthritis are some of the perennial diseases these pains may imply. Early check-up of symptoms is essential to curb the diseases before it is too late. Easing pain is very necessary to improve the victim’s health and goes a long way in stabilizing him/her psychologically. The common phases of pain in clinical pains are acute and chronic pains.
Acute Pain
According to Stovall (2007), most people experiencing acute pain seldom survive. This is because of the intense pain experienced by the victim during surgical procedures and the recovery period. To help lower this, most practitioners run smooth procedures on the patients with the aim of cutting down on the recovery period as well as mitigating stress and anxiety of the patients. It has been discovered that failure to control pain after surgery is likely to impact the patient’s psychological reactions and could even lead to death.
Chronic Pain
Most of the patients get very discouraged and stressed when pain persists. This phase which develops after the acute phase is very dangerous. At this point, patients lose their control and tend to seek treatment from other practitioners. This is because they are unsettled and feel dissatisfied by the progress made. This may end in consultation of quacks which may worsen the situation. Neurotic triad is common at this stage since the patient is greatly depressed. This is far riskier with signs of hysteria and hypochondriasis observed.
Types of pain from a below-the-knee amputation resulting from diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve-associated disease that leads to amputation of the parts of the knees like the feet, legs among other parts of the body attached to the knee. In some cases, it even covers the upper part of the bodies like the arms and hands. The effect shows how fast a reaction is required once detected. Hospitalization is most common with those affected below the knees. This kind of complication can cause nerve damage affecting most organs in the body. Its prevention is therefore necessary and of the essence as is its early detection so that amputation of the legs may be avoided. There are various types of diabetic neuropathy, these include peripheral neuropathy which normally affects the long nerves of the feet, Autonomic neuropathy; which affects the whole circulatory system nerves, Proximal neuropathy; which concentrates pain in one part of the body mainly thighs and hips, and focal neuropathy which normally affect the special nerves like those of the eye (MJA Associates, Inc., 2010, pp.1).
The most common method of treatment is by lowering the insulin levels in the body, but this is workable only if the symptoms are detected early. Pain from this area of the body must first be established to know which treatment option is best. Surgical methods may be considered in this kind of clinical pain if the diagnosis shows chronic pain would persist in the event of complete damage of the nerves. This would involve amputation of the legs, to save from worse pain. A combination of drugs would help in relieving pain after surgery for chronic diabetic neuropathy. The behavioral and cognitive approaches can also be considered to supplement the surgery and pharmaceuticals. This will give patients emotional strength and the will to keep fighting (Jensen, Chen, and Brugger, 2003, 165).
Acute pain from an abdominal hysterectomy
An abdominal hysterectomy involves a process done surgically to remove the uterus by incision at the lower part of the abdomen. The surgical procedure may include the removal of the fallopian tube or ovary. Pain experienced from such procedures may be acute. Depending on the reasons for hysterectomy, various complications may be observed. These may include, hemorrhage, constipation, the clotting of blood, urinary retention, early menopause, and infections such as pneumonia. It is therefore imperative that pharmaceutical drugs are administered to mitigate the pains and possible complications that may occur. Behavioral and cognitive treatment options may be used but are not compulsory as the patient’s main need is to relieve pain. Surgery is not advisable at this stage since it may cause more complications (Stovall and Mann, 2007, pp. 1)
Chronic headaches (non-migraine)
Migraines are those illnesses that give headache as one of their symptoms. Non-migraine types are those that are usually caused by tensions. These headaches tend to concentrate at the back of the head or forehead but are never accompanied by vomiting or even nausea (CBS Interactive Inc., 2010, pp.1). They may be experienced daily. Its treatment options do not require surgery since it is not caused by illness. Mild drugs are used to relieve the pain; these can be ibuprofen or aspirin among others. Behavioral and cognitive options may not be required unless it is due to some stress (Rosen et al. 1987, pp. 290-296).
Discussion
A combination of all the treatment options is encouraged in traditional hospitals for those with pain from below-the-knee amputation. This is because the level of pain experienced is severe and any way of controlling much pain is advisable, like administering drugs that may control the effect of surgery. The patients may need therapy and comfort which calls for behavioral and cognitive methods. Acute pain from hysterectomy will most probably need drugs since further surgery may lead to many complications. non-migraine headache on the other hand is less complicated and may only require mild drugs to be administered. However, conducting all the options is best in traditional hospitals for the psychological, mental, and physical recovery of the patient.
Conclusion
Chronic headaches that are non-migraine require the use of drugs to relieve pain since there is no illness, only tension. On the other hand pains from abdominal hysterectomy would require behavioral and cognitive methods combined with the drugs since the kind of pain may cause depression. All the methods are employed in diabetic neuropathy for faster recovery.
Recommendation
Surgical, pharmaceutical, cognitive, and behavioral treatment options should be employed for patients experiencing pain from amputation, Pharmaceuticals, behavioral and cognitive should be used for acute pain from abdominal hysterectomy while only pharmaceutical options should be employed for those experiencing a non-migraine chronic headache.
Reference List
CBS Interactive Inc. (2010). Non-migraine headaches. Nutritional health review Summer1994issue. Web.
Jensen Mp., Chen C., Brugger AM. (2003).Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. University of Washington, Seattle, USA. WA 98195-6490. Print.
MJA Associates, Inc. (2010). Type 2 Diabetes and amputation. Insulatitelabs. Web.
Rosen et al. (1987). Substance Abuse-Related Mortality Among Middle-Aged Male VA Psychiatric Patients. Psychiatr. Serv.59:290-296.
Stovall T. G. and Mann W.J. Jr. (2007). Abdominal hysterectomy. Patient information. Web.